Quiz 1 (Module 1-4)

Question 1

FITB Name for rod shaped bacteria: _____

Answer 1

Bacillus

Question 2

FITB Name for round shaped bacteria: _____

Answer 2

Cocci

Question 3

FITB The most widely-accepted current model for the plasma membrane is called: _____

Answer 3

Fluid mosaic

Question 4

FITB Sterol-like molecules called _____ are thought to be important for the structural integrity of many bacteria because of their suspected role in stabilizing the plasma membrane.

Answer 4

Hopanoids

Question 5

FITB Gram _____ bacteria have a structurally and chemically more complex cell wall than the Gram _____.

Answer 5

Negative, Positive

Question 6

FITB In eukaryotes, ribosomes synthesizing proteins that are to be excreted are typically located: _____

Answer 6

On the endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Question 7

SA What two key features distinguish a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 7

1. membrane bound nucleus
2. presence of specialized organelles

Question 8

SA What is a plasmid?

Answer 8

A small circular loop of double stranded DNA molecules that encode genetic information that is additional, but not essential for life, that may confer an advantage.

Question 9

SA What are the two functions of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

Answer 9

1. determine cell shape
2. aid in motility
3. aid in division
4. intracellular transport

Question 10

SA What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 10

Intracellular digestion: membrane bound organelles that contain enzymes that help digest products that enter the lysosome and then excrete them to be used as nutrients.

Question 11

SA What is the difference between antiseptic and disinfectant?

Answer 11

Antiseptics: destroy or inhibit microorganisms on living tissues.
Disinfectants: kill microorganisms on inanimate objects.

Question 12

T/F Electron microscopes have higher resolution than light microscopes because the wavelength of the electron beams is much longer than that of light.

Answer 12

False, electron beams have a shorter wavelength

Question 13

T/F Scanning electron microscopes use electrons reflected or scattered from the surface of a conductive sample to generate an image that provides a 3D image of surface structure.

Answer 13

True, SEM are used to form a 3D image

Question 14

T/F The plasma membrane is a major site of ATP synthesis in bacteria growing under aerobic conditions.

Answer 14

True,

Question 15

T/F Bacterial plasmids can replicate independently of the host chromosome.

Answer 15

True, plasmids are completely independent of chromosomal DNA

Question 16

T/F Chemotaxis is only observed in prokaryotes.

Answer 16

False,

Question 17

T/F DNA is replicated prior to the start of mitosis.

Answer 17

True, DNA must be replicated before the cell is able to divide into two daughter cells

Question 18

MC The major site of cell membrane synthesis in eukaryotes is:

A) Nucleus
B) Plasma Membrane
C) Lysosome
D) Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 18

D) Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 19

MC The process by which a cell imports large particles by enclosing them in vesicles pinched off from the plasma membrane is called:

A) Exocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Pinocytosis
D) Nutrient Cytosis

Answer 19

B) Phagocytosis

Question 20

SA What is microbiology

Answer 20

The study of microorganisms too small to be seen clearly by the unaided eye.

Question 21

SA Name 3 industry specific or commercial applications that involve using micro-organisms.

Answer 21

• Food production (yogurt, bread)
• Fermentation (wine, beer, fish sauce)
• Medication (insulin, penicillin)
• Biofuel
• Vaccine production
• Wastewater treatment

Question 22

SA What is resolution meant in microscopy.

Answer 22

The ability of the microscope to separate or distinguish small objects that are close together.

Question 23

SA List 5 types of light microscopes and 2 types of electron microscopes.

Answer 23

1. Brightfield
2. Darkfield
3. Phase contrast
4. Fluorescent
5. Confocal
6. Scanning electron microscope
7. Transmission electron microscope

Question 24

FITB The three domains of life are _____, _____, and _____.

Answer 24

eukarya, bacteria, archaea

Question 25

FITB A compound microscope has a two lens system, the _____ is the lens closer to the specimen and the the _____ lens is located in the eye piece.

Answer 25

objective, ocular

Question 26

FITB _____ and _____ fixation are two general methods or fixing samples in preparation for staining.

Answer 26

Heat, Chemical

Question 27

FITB During gram staining what is:
The primary stain: _____
The mordant: _____
The counterstain: _____

Answer 27

Crystal violet, Gram’s iodine, Safranin

Question 28

T/F Viruses must invade a host cell in order to replicate.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

T/F As the magnification of a series of objective lenses increases, the working distance increases.

Answer 29

False, the working distance decreases as the magnification increases

Question 30

T/F In gram staining, after decolorization, gram negative organisms will appear clear/colourless.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

T/F Phase contrast microscopy is useful for examining living cells and can allow visualization of some internal structures in eukaryotic cells.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T/F A light microscope with a 10 X lens, with a numerical aperture of 0.25 is capable of distinguishing two objects that are 1 micron apart when using light with a wavelength of 450nm.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

SA Name the steps of gram staining

Answer 33

Crystal violet -> Gram iodine -> Decolourizer -> Safranin

Question 34

SA Describe the structure and function of the cytoskeleton. (3 components)

Answer 34

Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments.

The cytoskeleton is responsible for maintaining cell shape and provide a basis for movement and division.

Question 35

SA Describe the secretory pathway, identifying the key organelles
involved. To what destinations does this pathway deliver proteins
and other materials?

Answer 35

Ribosomes synthesize protein at the ER -> cis face then trans face of golgi apparatus -> plasma membrane or lysosomes

Question 36

SA What is endocytosis? Describe 4 different endocytic pathways
observed in eukaryotes.

Answer 36

Endocytosis is used to bring materials into the cell.

Phagtocytosis - cell surface protrusions surround particles creating vesicles.
Clathrin - coated pits bind to macromolecules
Caveolae - cavelolar vesicles
Macropinocytosis -

Question 37

SA How do free ribosomes and those bound to the ER differ in
function?

Answer 37

ER bound ribosomes synthesize secretory proteins that are often used for the plasma membrane. Free ribosome synthesize non secretory proteins.

Question 38

SA What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 38

Mitosis produces two daughter cells with identical DNA and is asexual.
Meiosis is the sexual phase of the life cycle where DNA becomes mixed and unique.

Question 39

SA Brightfield microscopes are used for

Answer 39

Fixed dyed specimens

Question 40

SA Darkfield microscopes are used for

Answer 40

Viewing internal structures of living unstained eukaryotes

Question 41

SA Phase contrast microscopes are used for

Answer 41

Contrast intracellular structures with different refractive index. Living cells

Question 42

SA Fluorescent microscopes are used for

Answer 42

Tagging parts of a cell’s internal structure with different dyes

Question 43

SA Confocal microscopes are used for

Answer 43

Similar to fluorescent but works on living things in 3D

Question 44

SA TEM microscopes are used for

Answer 44

Uses transmitted electrons to view vruses and super tiny micro-organisms

Question 45

SA SEM microscopes are used for

Answer 45

Uses reflected electrons to view in 3D

Question 46

SA Probe microscopes are used for

Answer 46

A small probe moves up and down “feeling” out the surface of the specimen. This then creates an image of the surface. Used for things at the nanoscale level.