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BioChem > Module 5 - Control of Micro-Organisms > Flashcards

Module 5 - Control of Micro-Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

Explain sterilization vs disinfection

A

Sterilization is the removal of all viable organisms, spores, and acellular entities such as viruses. Disinfection kills, inhibits, or removes microorganisms, but not spores.

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2
Q

How does sanitization differ from sterilization or disinfection

A

It reduces microbial populations to safe levels based on public health standards, usually for living tissues

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3
Q

What is chemotherapy

A

Use of chemical agents to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms within host tissue

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4
Q

What are Cidal Agents

A

Kill pathogens, bactericide, fungicide, viricide, etc.

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5
Q

What are static agents

A

Prevent growth when present, bacteriostatic, fungistatic

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6
Q

How does antisepsis differ from sterilization and disinfection

A

Agents that prevent infection, while destroying or inhibiting microorganisms on living tissues. Can be used on tissues

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7
Q

What is a bacterial endospore

A

Dormant stage that provides protection against numerous conditions such as heat, radiation, chemicals, and desiccation

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8
Q

Explain the pattern of microbial death

A

Microbial populations are not killed instantly, but rather exponentially

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9
Q

What is decimal reduction time (D)

A

Time required to kill 90% of microbes/spores under specified conditions

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10
Q

What is the Z value

A

The measure of the temperature sensitivity of an organism

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11
Q

Name the 3 types of physical control methods

A

-Heat (dry / moist)
-Filtration (air / liquid)
-Radiation

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12
Q

Name the 3 types of chemical control methods

A

-Disinfectants
-Antiseptics
-Chemotherapy

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13
Q

What is an autoclave

A

A machine that sterilizes using very hot steam under pressure

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14
Q

What is pasteurization

A

Used for milk, beer, and other beverages. Kills pathogens and reduces load of organisms, but does not sterilize.

Flash - 15 seconds at 72C
Ultrahigh - 3 seconds at 150C

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15
Q

How does low temperature affect microorganisms

A

Stops reproduction (no water)
Some killed by ice crystals
Slows cell growth

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16
Q

How does dry heat sterilization differ from moist

A

Requires higher temperatures and longer exposure times, but it prevents corrosion

17
Q

What is ethylene oxide used for

A

Used for disposable, heat sensitive materials

18
Q

Explain types of dosage and the related ratio

A

Therapeutic - Level required for clinical
Toxic - Level at which drug becomes toxic
Therapeutic Index - Ratio of toxic dos to therapeutic dose

19
Q

Explain two types of drug spectrum

A

Narrow - attacks a few different pathogens
Broad - attack many different pathogens

20
Q

Explain two types of action agents

A

Cidal - kills microbes
Static - inhibits growth of microbes

21
Q

Name a protein inhibitor and a cell wall inhibitor and explain how they work

A

Penicillin - prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan
Aminoglycosides - inhibit a step in protein synthesis, bind to 30S ribosomal subunit

22
Q

Name 6 types of drug resistance

A
  • Alteration of enzyme or organelle
  • Inactivation of drug by degradation
  • Inactivation or drug by modification
  • Pump out drug
  • Prevent cell entry
  • Use alternate pathways to increase production of target metabolite
23
Q

What materials can be sterilized by filtration

A

Liquids, gasses, and heat sensitive

24
Q

What materials can be sterilized by UV

A

ONLY DISINFECTION Surface treatment of work stations, water treatment
NOT glass

25
Q

What materials can be sterilized by radiation

A

In hospitals and glassware

26
Q

What can be sterilized by ethylene oxide

A

Disposable, heat sensitive things, surfaces

27
Q

How do biological safety cabinets work

A

Heppa filters for air filtration and UV built in for surface disinfection

28
Q

**NOT DONE QUESTIONS AT END

A
29
Q
A
30
Q

How is quality control done for an autoclave

A

A strip containing spores resistant to the high temp/psi is put into the autoclave cycle. Then the spores are cultured to see if they grow

31
Q

How does aminoglycoside work

A

It binds to RNA on a ribosome which leads to misreading of genetic code and inhibition of translocation

32
Q

T/F The effects of most antimicrobial drugs are greater if the microorganisms are actively growing

A

True

33
Q

T/F Cholesterol is an example of a lipid

A

True

34
Q

T/F Facilitated diffusion moves molecules from high to low concentration

A

True

35
Q

T/F A medium can either be selective or differential, but not both

A

False

BioChem (6 decks)

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