Module 6 - Microbial Nutrition

Question 1

SA Define Biochemistry

Answer 1

The study of chemical reactions that occur in living systems

Question 2

SA Name the four main biochemical molecules

Answer 2

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Question 3

SA Where are carbohydrates found

Answer 3

On the cell wall/plasma membrane

Question 4

SA What is the main use for carbohydrates

Answer 4

Energy

Question 5

SA Explain + give an example of a monosaccharide

Answer 5

Simple sugars made of 5-6 carbons such as glucose and fructose

Question 6

SA Explain + give an example of a disaccharide

Answer 6

Two monosaccharides linked through glycosidic bonds such as lactose and sucrose

Question 7

SA Explain + give an example of a polysaccharide

Answer 7

Polymers made of many linked monosaccharides such as starch and glycogen

Question 8

T/F Lipids are soluble in water

Answer 8

False, lipids are very soluble in nonpolar solvents but rare in water

Question 9

SA Name 3 types of lipids

Answer 9

Triacylglycerols (fats), phospholipids, steroids

Question 10

SA Where are lipids used for

Answer 10

Components in the cell membrane + carbon and energy storage

Question 11

SA What are proteins

Answer 11

Polymers of amino acids containing at least one amino group and one carboxyl group, linked by peptide bonds. They control nutrient flow and help many processes such as dna replication

Question 12

SA How many types of amino acids are there + how do we differentiate them?

Answer 12

There are 20 amino acids, all identical with the exception of their “R group” on the central carbon which determines their properties.

Question 13

SA Explain the 4 types of protein structure

Answer 13

Primary: Line of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
Secondary: Alpha helix or beta sheet, formed by hydeogen bonding
Tertiary: Coiling due to R group interactions
Quaternary: Two or more polypeptide chains associating with each other

Question 14

T/F Enzymes are specific for substrates

Answer 14

True, specific substrates fit into enzymes like puzzle pieces

Question 15

SA What are enzymes

Answer 15

Protein catalysts that control the rate of chemical reactions

Question 16

SA Name the two types of nucleic acid and their differences

Answer 16

DNA: deoxyribose, AGCT bases, double stranded

RNA: ribose, AGCU bases, single stranded

Question 17

SA What is the most abundant molecule in a living cell?

Answer 17

Water

Question 18

What does each part of this name mean
Photolithoautotroph

Answer 18

Photo - Energy source
Litho - Electron source
Auto - Carbon source

Question 19

Explain litho vs organo

Answer 19

Electrons from inorganic vs from organic

Question 19

Explain photo vs chemo

Answer 19

Energy from light vs from compounds

Question 20

Explain auto vs hetero

Answer 20

Carbon from CO2 vs organic

Question 21

What is facilitated diffusion

Answer 21

With the gradient but done with with a carrier protein

Question 22

What is active transport

Answer 22

Against the gradient with a carrier protein and requires energy

Question 23

Name 3 functional types of media and 2 main categories

Answer 23

1. Supportive - many organisms
2. Selective - some microorganisms, inhibits others
3. Differential - distinguishes between different groups of microorganisms
4. Synthetic - Made in a lab
5. Complex - Natural

Question 24

What is group translocation

Answer 24

Type of active transport used by bacteria and archaea to transport and modify nutrients into a cell

Question 25

Explain streak plates, spread plates, and pour plates

Answer 25

Streak - Using a spreading tool and sterilizing between streaks
Spread - Using a pipette and spreading tool
Pour - Dilute sample

Question 26

What is passive diffusion

Answer 26

Diffusion of nutrients into the cell along the concentration gradients