Quiz 1 MiniStudyguide Flashcards
Structural Gene
Carry the information for the amino acid sequence for a polypeptide (protein)
Morphological Trait
Affect the appearance, form, and structure of an organism
Physiological Trait
affect the ability of an organism to function
Behavioral Trait
Affect the ways an organism responds to its environment
Genetic Approach
the study of mutant genes that have abnormal function. By studying mutant genes, researchers may better understand normal genes and normal biological processes
Central Dogma of Genetics
The gene expression pathway from DNA to RNA to polypeptide (protein).
Law of Segregation
two copies of a gene separate from each other during transmission from the parent to offspring
Law of Independent Assortment
Two different genes will randomly assort their alleles during gamete formation
Hybrid
Offspring obtained from two parents who have different features
Particulate theory of inheritance
Traits are inherited as discrete units that remain unchanged as they are passed from parent to offspring
Steps for a Punnett Square
Homologous chromosomes similarities
Each has the same genes in the same order
Homologous chromosomes differences
There may be variation between them resulting in different alleles
What causes recessive phenotypes?
The individual must have two copies to be observed, one from each parent
Inheritance patterns in autosomal dominant various observations
A single copy of the mutated gene is enough to cause the disorder (one parent)
Inheritance patterns in autosomal recessive traits various observations
Two copies of the mutated gene are enough to cause the disorder (two parents)
Pioneer of female reproductive biology
Walter Heape
Molecular Genetics
examination of DNA structure and function at the molecular level
Transmission Genetics
The inheritance of genes and the way that genes influence traits
Population Genetics
primarily concerned with the extent of genetic variation within a group of individuals and changes in that variation over time
What do low chi-square values imply
Little difference between what was observed and what was expected
What do high chi-square values imply
There will most likely be a lot of difference between what is observed and what is expected
Genes expressed at the molecular level
Gene transcription and translation lead to the production of a particular protein
Genes expressed at the cellular level
the function of a protein within a cell affects the structure and working of that cell
Genes expressed at the organism level
traits that we can observe through the human eye
Genes expressed at population level
occurrence of a trait within a species
