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Social Psychology > Quiz 1- Methods > Flashcards

Quiz 1- Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Science is a_____ (2)

A
  • set of values

- methods used to study a wide range of topics

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2
Q

Set of values: (2)

A
  • impact how we view world

- Favors learning through experience (Empiricism)

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3
Q

Methods used to study:

A

correlation, experiments

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4
Q

Essential Components of science (4)

A

Accuracy
objectivity
skepticism
Open-mindedness

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5
Q

Essential Components of science: Accuracy

A

careful, precise gathering information

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6
Q

Essential Components of science: Objectivity

A

achieved through systematic observation: observe behavior more than once, multiple observers

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7
Q

Essential Components of science: Skepticism

A

testable, data can be replicated and peer-reviewed (don’t trust if study says it’s correct, must go through a process)

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8
Q

Essential Components of science: Open-mindedness

A

ability to change views if views are discredited or inaccurate

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9
Q

Research Process (5)

A
  • dvp a research idea (hypo)
  • study design to test hypo
  • gather data
  • analyze data
  • Share results
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10
Q

Theory (Def)

A

integrated set of principles that explain/ predict observation

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11
Q

Theory’s: purpose (3)

A
  • organize, explain, and summarize in a way that’s logical and systematic
  • apply to real world
  • guide research
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12
Q

Theory: must be 3 things

A
  • testable (leads to hypo)(try to falsify hypo)
  • parsimonious (few variables, constructs)
  • consistent
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13
Q

The role of theories: steps (3)

A
  • theory about some aspect of social behavior
  • predictions are derived from this theory
  • research designed to test these predictions is conducted
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14
Q

The role of theories: if predictions are CONFIRMED

A

CONFIDENCE in the theory is increased (we never prove things we build support)

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15
Q

The role of theories: if predictions are DISCONFIRMED

A

confidence, in theory, is reduced

-the theory is modified theory is rejected

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16
Q

Study Design: Experiment

A
  • IV(X, manipulated variable)

- DV (Y, manipulation of IV causes changes in DV)

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17
Q

Experiment: Showing Causation (2 ways)

A
  • Random assignment

- Control

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18
Q

Random assignment (def)

A

equal chance of being placed in any condition

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19
Q

control (def)

A

systematizes our procedures to avoid confounds

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20
Q

confounds

A

covary w/ IV. Participants are different from other than my manipulation

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21
Q

Internal validity

A

confidence that the IV causes the DV

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22
Q

Internal Validity: Avoid confounding to___

A

increase internal validity

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23
Q

External Validity:

A

generalize to other settings, people, and time

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24
Q

Experimental Realism:

A

participants are psychologically engaged (increases internal validity)

25
Q

Mundane realism:

A

looks like real life (field study)

-can lose control resulting in low internal validity but his external validity

26
Q

Correlational studies (2)

A
  • relationship btw two variables

- lack of causation

27
Q

Correlational problems (2)

A
  • bi-directionality

- 3rd variable (confounds)

28
Q

Self report challenges

A
  • may lie

- may not know something about themselves

29
Q

Survey challenges

A
  • social desirability

- they way you word surveys could impact responses

30
Q

observation (ways)

A

videotape

observe people

31
Q

Archival research (def)

A

getting data from surveys that have already been conducted.

32
Q

Two types of measurment:

A

reliability

validity

33
Q

Reliability

A

repeatability

34
Q

validity

A

am I measuring what I intend to measure

35
Q

can’t have_____w/o___

A

validity w/o reliability

36
Q

Measurement error

A

not all doing it the same way

37
Q

which one is the min requirement

A

reliability

38
Q

types of sample (2)

A

probability

non-probability

39
Q

probability- types

A

we know the prob of being selected

  • random sample (most basic)
  • stratified
40
Q

random sample

A

equal chance of being selected out of pop for sample

41
Q

stratified

A

create more representation (see baseball image) going from a pop to a sample

42
Q

non-probability-type

A

I don’t know the probability

convenience

43
Q

convenience- why is the most common one?

A

select people who meet basic criteria

-easiest one

44
Q

descriptive stats

A

describes our sample

45
Q

frequency

A

how often an event occurs

46
Q

central tendency: 3

A

Mean: avg

mode: most common score
median: middle number

47
Q

when are mean and median preferred?

A

mean is preferred because it includes all scores but when the distribution is skewed use the median because CEO pulls the mean number making it seem larger!

48
Q

STD

A

how wide apart or how compressed scores are

49
Q

inferential stats

A

test hypos, allows us to make inferences from sample to population

50
Q

types of statistical analyses

A

t-test: comparing 2 groups
Anova: analysis of variance, used when 3 or more conditions
correlation: rs btw 2 variables
—–regression: quality of rs(2/more variables)

51
Q

Bias

A

can be participant or experienter

52
Q

participant: social desirabilty

A

they present themselves in a socially desirable way

52
Q

participant: social desirabilty

A
53
Q

how to detect social D

A
  • word surveys to see if doing it (always, never)

- word questions differently to see if consistent

54
Q

experimenter bias

A

might behave in ways that indicate participants how they should act

55
Q

how to avoid experimenter bias

A

standerizarion (scripts, automate, double-blind)

56
Q

informed consent

A

partip should be volunteers so have to give enough info for them to want to participate; dont have to tell hypo.

57
Q

two ways to debrief

A

de-hoax: explaining hypo

desensitize: removing any negativity if done to them

58
Q

IRB what are three things you have to present to IRB when using deception

A
  • use least amount of it
  • tell partip about deception
  • need deception for study to work

Social Psychology (4 decks)

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