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GED0011 > Module 1: "Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology" > Flashcards

Module 1: "Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology" Flashcards

1
Q

is(knowledge from) the careful study of the structure and behavior of the physical world, especially by watching, measuring, and doing experiments, and the development of theories to describe the results of these activities

A

Science

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2
Q

(Natural Philosophers in the Ancient Time) formulate testable explanations and predictions based on their observations

A

SCIENTISTS

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3
Q

_____ is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry. It is a scientific or industrial process, invention, method, or the like.

A

TECHNOLOGY

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4
Q

TECHNOLOGY is from Greek from “________” _______ and -logia (study or knowledge).

A

tekhnē (art or craft)

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5
Q

________ is a thing or event that existed before or logically precedes another

A

ANTECEDENT

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6
Q

_______ was used not for transportation but as potter’s wheel and existed around 3500 BC.

A

Wheel

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7
Q

It was originally based on two wheels which were attached with an animal like a horse using wood and ropes

A

Chariot

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8
Q

The Sumerians developed the first form of writing called “________” to maintain business records.

A

cuneiform

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9
Q

_________ was an ancient region located in the eastern Mediterranean bounded in the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and in the southeast by the Arabian Plateau, corresponding to today’s Iraq, mostly, but also parts of modern-day Iran, Syria and Turkey

A

Mesopotamia

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10
Q

It was used to automate opening of temple doors by lighting a fire on the altar.

A

Aeolipile or steam engine

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11
Q

He invented the Aeolipile or steam engine.

A

Hero of Alexandria in Egypt

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12
Q

are the earliest paper-like material

A

Papyrus Sheets

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13
Q

Using the power of oxen to pull the plough
revolutionized agriculture.

A

Ox-drawn Plough

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14
Q

The black ink was the often used one for writing in __________

A

hieroglyphs.

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15
Q

________ was very black like carbon black and could not deteriorate when been applied over the papyrus to write.

A

The ink

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16
Q

The Egyptians were so advanced that had the idea of calculating time as early as the 3,500BC and they invented the _______.

A

sun clock (sundial).

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17
Q

The oldest surviving sun clock was found in the __________ (year, where)

A

2013 in the Valley of the Kings.

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18
Q

The ancient Egyptians believed in the afterlife, plenty gods and goddesses which made to actually start the _____________

A

process of mummification

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19
Q

to preserve the human body from decaying

A

process of mummification

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20
Q

This is one of the seven famous wonders of the world, representing a series of fortifications made initially of stone, earth and later of bricks.

A

Great Wall

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21
Q

Originally, it was used in fortune-telling and architecture until the Chinese figured out it could be used for traveling

A

Compass

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22
Q

Each of the dragons was facing _________ and had a small ball in its mouth. In the case of an earthquake, the dragon facing the closest direction would open its mouth releasing the ball into the mouth of small bronze frog underneath.

A

downwards

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23
Q

________ was made from mulberry tree bark but the creator later included hemp and fishnets to strengthen it.

recent
archaeological discoveries suggest that it already existed in Ancient
China from around ________.

(Chinese period)

A

the paper

100 BC

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24
Q

The first mechanical clock in Europe was created around the beginning of the _________.

A

13th century.

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24
Q

____________ was invented in the Tang dynasty in the ninth century by alchemists searching for an elixir of immortality. ________ is a mixture of charcoal, saltpeter and sulfur (same answer)

A

Gunpowder

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25
Q

However, the first chinese mechanical clock was created in 725 by ______, a Buddhist monk, astronomer, mathematician and mechanical engineer who lived during the Tang Dynasty (from 618 to 907).

A

Yi Xing

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26
Q

Greek Natural Philosophers (5)
APPPT

A
  • Aristotle
  • Ptolemy
  • Plato
  • Pythagoras
  • Thales of
    Miletus
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27
Q

The Greeks’ interest in field of science can be seen as far back as the ______, and they have often been hailed as the fathers of science, medicine, zoology, and many other areas.

A

sixth century BC

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28
Q

Their findings in the areas of _______ (AGM) made them pioneers in the field of science.

A

astronomy, geography, and mathematics

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29
Q

________ was a geometer, military engineer, astronomer, and logician.

A

Thales

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30
Q

Thales discovered the ______ and ________ and is credited with predicting a battle-stopping eclipse thought to be on 8 May 585 B.C

A

solstice, equinox

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31
Q

He invented the gnomon on the sundial (although some say it came from the Babylonians), providing a way to keep track of time.

A

Anaximander of Miletus

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32
Q

Anaximander of Miletus invented the _______ on the sundial (although some say it came from the Babylonians), providing a way to keep track of time.

A

gnomon

33
Q

Anaximander of Miletus
also created a _____ of the known world. He was one of the _________.

A

map

first cartographers

34
Q

_________, a greek philosopher constructed his own version of an alarm clock with vessels much ahead of Ctesibius.

A

Plato

35
Q

______ decided the Earth must be a globe.

A

Aristotle (of Stagira)

36
Q

Aristotle classified animals and is the ____________

A

father of zoology.

37
Q

Ptolemy founded the ______ (system) of geocentric astronomy, which held for 1,400 years.

A

Ptolemaic System

38
Q

He drew maps with latitude and longitude and developed the science of optics

A

Ptolemy

39
Q

Timekeeping devices have emerged since the ancient world, but it was not until the Middle Ages that the technology was invented that allowed for ____________ to accurately keep track of time.

A

mechanical clocks

40
Q

While printing technology had been developed in 11th century China, it was the _________ (century, name, printer) that started a new era of the mass production of books.

A

15th century
German Johannes Gutenberg

41
Q

_______, this device could be found in Western Europe the latter years of the 13th century. Its ability to correct vision problems makes it a much it one of the most useful medieval inventions and a great benefit to hundreds of millions of people today.

A

eyeglasses

42
Q

_______ may have their origin in India sometime between the 5th and 10th Century AD.

A

Spinning Wheels

43
Q

__________ replaced the earlier method of hand spinning, in which the individual fibers were drawn out of a mass of wool held on a stick, or distaff, twisted together to form a continuous strand, and then wound on a second stick.

A

The spinning wheel

44
Q

The mass disruption to medieval society caused by the plague set the progress of science and discovery back, and the knowledge would not reemerge until the Renaissance.

A

BLACK DEATH

45
Q

About 35% of the English population died due
to the ________

A

BLACK DEATH

46
Q

Inventions

-Siege Defenses
-War Scythe
-Multi-Barrel Gun
-Ornithopter
-Tank
-Helicopter
-Airplane Wing

A

Leonardo daVinci

47
Q

Inventions

  • Arts, Law, Medicine, Astronomy
  • Heliocentric Universe
A

Nicholas Copernicus

48
Q

Inventions

  • Physics
    Isochronous Motion
    Parabolic Motion
    Inertia (Newton)
  • Thermometer
  • Telescope
    Moon, Jupiter,
    Saturn, Milky Way
A

Galileo Galilei

49
Q

Inventions

  • Pendulum Clock
    John Harrison
  • Regulating Spiral (1675)
  • Theory of Light
A

Christian Huygens

50
Q

Inventions

  • Principia (3 books)
    Modern Mechanics
    Celestial Mechanics
    Laws of the Universe
A

Isaac Newton

51
Q

Inventions

  • Moveable Type
  • Latin Bible
A

Johannes Gutenburg

52
Q

__________ marked a period of development in the latter half of the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies in Europe and America into industrialized, urban ones.

A

The Industrial Revolution

53
Q

_________ commonly referred to as the second Industrial Revolution, started sometime between 1820 and 1870.

A

The American Industrial Revolution

54
Q

________ led to inventions that included the telephone, the sewing machine, X-ray, lightbulb, and the combustible engine.

A

The Industrial Revolution

55
Q

_________ invents the first steam engine. It is not very useful yet, but the idea of using steam to make machines go will be important to the Industrial Revolution.

A

Thomas Newcomen

56
Q

_________, a British carpenter and weaver, invents the spinning jenny.

A

James Hargreaves

57
Q

James Hargreaves, a British carpenter and weaver, invents the __________.

A

spinning jenny.

58
Q

_________ creates a machine that makes it much easier to separate cotton seeds from cotton fiber.

A

Eli Whitney

59
Q

_______ invents the telegraph, which allows messages to be sent quickly over a wire.

A

Samuel Morse

60
Q

At a time when people had to make their own clothes at home or pay someone else to sew them by hand, ________ invents the sewing machine.

A

Elias Howe

61
Q

_________ invents a safety break to prevent them from falling if a cable breaks, making people feel more confident about using elevators in tall buildings.

A

Elisha Otis

62
Q

Alfred Nobel invents _______, which is a safer way to blast holes in mountains or the ground than simply lighting black powder.

A

dynamite

63
Q

________ is important in
clearing paths to build things such as
roads and railroad tracks.

A

dynamite

64
Q

A chemist named _________ believed that germs caused disease.

he created vaccines that helped prevent many common diseases, which helped people live longer.

A

Louis Pasteur

65
Q

He may not have invented the telephone, but _____________ was the first to get a patent for it.

A

Alexander Graham Bell

66
Q

__________ created a light bulb that lasted longer than other designs and showed it off by lighting a lamp.

A

Thomas Edison

67
Q

Who discovered

● Special Theory (1905)
● General Theory
● Quantum Theory
● Big Bang Theory
* Curved, Finite
Space
● Atomic Bomb
* Responsibility of
Science

A

Albert Einstein

68
Q

What project

  • Oppenheimer
  • Fermi, Berthe, Teller
  • Four Sites
  • Project Trinity
    ⬗ Los Alamos
    ⬗ Ground Zero-
    Alamagordo
  • Fat Man & Little Boy
  • Treason
A

The Manhattan Project

69
Q

Who said

“Invention is 1% Inspiration and 99% Perspiration”

A

Thomas A. Edison

70
Q

They made simple tools and weapons of stone flakes and later developed method of sawing and polishing stones around 40,000 B.C.

what era and age

A

Pre-Colonial Era, Stone age

71
Q

_________ flourished for the next 2,000 years until they imported Chinese porcelain.

A

Pottery

72
Q

During Iron Age, Filipinos were engaged in extraction, smelting and refining of iron from ores, until the importation of cast iron from _______ and later from China.

A

Sarawak

73
Q

By the 10th century, Filipinos from the Butuan were trading with ________________ with China as noted in Chinese records containing several references to the Philippines.

A

Champa (Vietnam) and those from Ma-i (Mindoro)

74
Q

What era

  • The beginning of modern science and technology in the Philippines
  • _______ established schools, hospitals and started scientific research, greatly shaped by the role of religious orders though
  • University of Santo Thomas remained as the highest institution of learning
A

Spanish Era

75
Q

father of botany in the Philippines and one the first licensed pharmacist

A

Leon Ma. Guerrero

76
Q

What era

● Science and technology in the Philippines advanced rapidly during the _______ regime

● The _______ introduced a system of secularized public-school education

● Primary education was free, with English as the medium of instruction.

● It was followed by the setting up of a Philippine Normal School to train Filipino teachers.

● Secondary school were opened afterward

A

American era

77
Q

The University of the Philippines was created on _________ by Act of the Philippine Legislature.

A

18th June 1908

78
Q

In 1901, the Bureau of Government Laboratories was created and later named _________

A

Bureau of Science

79
Q

Philippine economic development was determined by ____________

A

free trade relations

80
Q

________ were invented, which allowed people to harness the energy from natural forces like rivers and wind, a process that continues to the present-day.

A

WATER AND WINDMILLS

GED0011 (4 decks)

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