Quiz 1 (Fundamentals Of Nutrition)

Question 1

Total Energy Expenditure is determined by:

Answer 1

Basal Metabolic Rate (“baseline”) = ~65% of expenditure

Physical activity (exercise) = ~20% of expenditure

Thermic effect of food (food digestion) = ~10% of expenditure

NEAT (non-excercise adaptive thermogenesis; “fidgety”) = ~5%

Question 2

What are METs?

Answer 2

MET = Metabolic Equivalents for a given activity

1 MET = 1 kcal/[(kg of BW)(hr)]

Ex: 75kg male cycles 8 METs for 1 hour - how many calories does he burn?
=> kcal = MET(BW)(hr) = (8)(75)(1) = 600 kcal

Question 3

What are the components of the small intestine?

Answer 3

Duodenum / Jejunum / Ileum

*proximal —> distal

Question 4

Fats are absorbed in the ___ of the small intestine.

Answer 4

Duodenum (proximal end)

Question 5

Bile acids are absorbed in the ___ of the small intestine.

Answer 5

Ileum (distal end)

Question 6

Fat malabsorption can be cause by problems in the ___.

Answer 6

Duodenum (where direct absorption takes place)

and

Ileum (where bile acids are absorbed; are key in breaking down fats)

Question 7

Digested products are absorbed into the ___.

Answer 7

Hepatic portal system

Question 8

___ is the presence of excess fat in stool.

Answer 8

Steatorrhea

*could result from inflammatory bowl disease, celiac disease, etc.

Question 9

Fat soluble vitamins:

Answer 9

A, D, E, K

Question 10

Treatment of ___ may include surgical resection of the diseased section of intestine, possibly resulting in malabsorption of lipid soluble vitamins.

Answer 10

Crohn Disease

Question 11

The ___ Dietary Plan calls for less meat, especially red meat, and dairy.

Answer 11

Mediterranean

Question 12

The Western Dietary Plan is characterized by…

Answer 12

High glycemic load = tend to spike sugar levels

Low ratio of omeg-3/omega-6 FA

Higher than normal amounts of saturated FA

High ratio of Na/K

Low fiber content

Question 13

Key electrolytes:

Answer 13

Na+ / K+ / Cl-

Question 14

What is an RDA?

Answer 14

Recommended Daily Allowance

-intake amount that is good for the majority (97-98% )of individuals in a group

Question 15

Deficiency versus Insufficiency

Answer 15

Deficiency = intake is below what is required (not really getting any)

Insufficiency = intake is below optimal level (getting some, but not enough)

Question 16

___ is the bioactive form of Vitamin D and is generated in the ___ from Calcidiol.

Answer 16

Calcitriol (1,25-dihydropyridine Vitamin D) / kidneys

*calcidiol (25-hydroxy Vitamin D) is normally stored in the liver until the active form is needed

Question 17

Vitamin D deficiency is usually a result of …

Answer 17

Inadequate or improper conversion of inactive Vitamin D to its active form

Question 18

___ is the adult form of Vitamin D deficiency.

Answer 18

Osteomalacia

*in children => Rickets

Question 19

Niacin (vitamin B3) can result in ___ - the 4 D’s.

Answer 19

Diarrhea / Dermatitis / Dementia / Death

Question 20

“Burning feet syndrome” is characteristic of vitamin ___ deficiency.

Answer 20

B5 (Pantothenic Acid)

Question 21

Biotin (vitamin B7) is a cofactor for ___ enzymes.

Answer 21

Carboxylation

Question 22

Why for pregnant women supplement their diet with folic acid?

Answer 22

Folic acid (vitamin B9) can be depleted quickly because it is used during neural tube development of a fetus.

If deficient in folic acid, spina bifida may occur.

Question 23

Scurvy is the clinical manifestation of ___ deficiency.

Answer 23

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

Question 24

Vitamin ___ is an essential factor for proper blood clotting.

Answer 24

K

*Warfarin (blood thinner) interacts with Vitamin K

Question 25

Preformed Vitamin A is found in which 3 forms?

Answer 25

Retinol / Retinoic Acid / Retinal

*key vitamin in maintaining vision; deficiency can cause night blindness