Quiz 1 (Fundamentals Of Nutrition) Flashcards
Total Energy Expenditure is determined by:
Basal Metabolic Rate (“baseline”) = ~65% of expenditure
Physical activity (exercise) = ~20% of expenditure
Thermic effect of food (food digestion) = ~10% of expenditure
NEAT (non-excercise adaptive thermogenesis; “fidgety”) = ~5%
What are METs?
MET = Metabolic Equivalents for a given activity
1 MET = 1 kcal/[(kg of BW)(hr)]
Ex: 75kg male cycles 8 METs for 1 hour - how many calories does he burn?
=> kcal = MET(BW)(hr) = (8)(75)(1) = 600 kcal
What are the components of the small intestine?
Duodenum / Jejunum / Ileum
*proximal —> distal
Fats are absorbed in the ___ of the small intestine.
Duodenum (proximal end)
Bile acids are absorbed in the ___ of the small intestine.
Ileum (distal end)
Fat malabsorption can be cause by problems in the ___.
Duodenum (where direct absorption takes place)
and
Ileum (where bile acids are absorbed; are key in breaking down fats)
Digested products are absorbed into the ___.
Hepatic portal system
___ is the presence of excess fat in stool.
Steatorrhea
*could result from inflammatory bowl disease, celiac disease, etc.
Fat soluble vitamins:
A, D, E, K
Treatment of ___ may include surgical resection of the diseased section of intestine, possibly resulting in malabsorption of lipid soluble vitamins.
Crohn Disease
The ___ Dietary Plan calls for less meat, especially red meat, and dairy.
Mediterranean
The Western Dietary Plan is characterized by…
High glycemic load = tend to spike sugar levels
Low ratio of omeg-3/omega-6 FA
Higher than normal amounts of saturated FA
High ratio of Na/K
Low fiber content
Key electrolytes:
Na+ / K+ / Cl-
What is an RDA?
Recommended Daily Allowance
-intake amount that is good for the majority (97-98% )of individuals in a group
Deficiency versus Insufficiency
Deficiency = intake is below what is required (not really getting any)
Insufficiency = intake is below optimal level (getting some, but not enough)
___ is the bioactive form of Vitamin D and is generated in the ___ from Calcidiol.
Calcitriol (1,25-dihydropyridine Vitamin D) / kidneys
*calcidiol (25-hydroxy Vitamin D) is normally stored in the liver until the active form is needed
Vitamin D deficiency is usually a result of …
Inadequate or improper conversion of inactive Vitamin D to its active form
___ is the adult form of Vitamin D deficiency.
Osteomalacia
*in children => Rickets
Niacin (vitamin B3) can result in ___ - the 4 D’s.
Diarrhea / Dermatitis / Dementia / Death
“Burning feet syndrome” is characteristic of vitamin ___ deficiency.
B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
Biotin (vitamin B7) is a cofactor for ___ enzymes.
Carboxylation
Why for pregnant women supplement their diet with folic acid?
Folic acid (vitamin B9) can be depleted quickly because it is used during neural tube development of a fetus.
If deficient in folic acid, spina bifida may occur.
Scurvy is the clinical manifestation of ___ deficiency.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Vitamin ___ is an essential factor for proper blood clotting.
K
*Warfarin (blood thinner) interacts with Vitamin K
Preformed Vitamin A is found in which 3 forms?
Retinol / Retinoic Acid / Retinal
*key vitamin in maintaining vision; deficiency can cause night blindness
