Quiz 1 (Clinical Relevance Of Cell Membranes/Transport) Flashcards

1
Q

Defects in ___ result in accumulation of sphingomyelin, causing ___.

A

Sphingomyelinase (A-SMase)

Niemann-Pick Disease

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2
Q

___ is a marker for apoptosis when found on the outer leaflet of a cell membrane.

A

Phosphatidylserine

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3
Q

Lipids common to OUTER leaflet of cell membrane

Lipids common to INNER leaflet of cell membrane

A

OUTER:
Phosphatidylcholine
Shingomyelin
Glycolipids

INNER:
Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylserine (*marker for apoptosis when found outside)
Phosphatidylethanolamine

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4
Q

Arrangement of ___ give rise to the different blood groups.

A

Carbohydrates

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5
Q

Increase in ____ causes stiffening of a RBC’s membrane, leading to Spur Cell Anemia which is characterized by ____.

A

Cholesterol

Acanthocytes

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6
Q

Defects in transporters for ___ cause Cystinuria, resulting in accumulation of ___ in the ____.

A

“COLA” = cysteine, ornithine, lysine, arginine

Cysteine crystals

Kidneys

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7
Q

Defects in transporter for ___, especially ___ (a precursor for serotonin and melatonin), result in Hartnup Disease.

A

Non-polar/neutral amino acids

Tryptophan

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8
Q

Cardiac glycosides “jump-start” the heart by…?

A

Inhibiting Na+/K+ ATPase in cardiac myocytes

—>higher than normal [Na+] within the cells

—>impairs activity of the Sodium Calcium Exchanger (NCX)

—>higher than normal [Ca+] outside cells

—>increase in contractile force of cardiac cells

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9
Q

Cystic Fibrosis is characterized by a genetic defect resulting in the formation of defective ____, which is a ___. This causes the buildup of ___ within airway cells resulting in the compensatory flow of ___ and ___ into the cells.

A

CFTR protein

Chloride ion transporter

Chloride (Cl-) ions

Sodium (Na+) ions / Water

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