Quiz 1 (Clinical Relevance Of Cell Membranes/Transport)

Question 1

Defects in ___ result in accumulation of sphingomyelin, causing ___.

Answer 1

Sphingomyelinase (A-SMase)

Niemann-Pick Disease

Question 2

___ is a marker for apoptosis when found on the outer leaflet of a cell membrane.

Answer 2

Phosphatidylserine

Question 3

Lipids common to OUTER leaflet of cell membrane

Lipids common to INNER leaflet of cell membrane

Answer 3

OUTER:
Phosphatidylcholine
Shingomyelin
Glycolipids

INNER:
Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylserine (*marker for apoptosis when found outside)
Phosphatidylethanolamine

Question 4

Arrangement of ___ give rise to the different blood groups.

Answer 4

Carbohydrates

Question 5

Increase in ____ causes stiffening of a RBC’s membrane, leading to Spur Cell Anemia which is characterized by ____.

Answer 5

Cholesterol

Acanthocytes

Question 6

Defects in transporters for ___ cause Cystinuria, resulting in accumulation of ___ in the ____.

Answer 6

“COLA” = cysteine, ornithine, lysine, arginine

Cysteine crystals

Kidneys

Question 7

Defects in transporter for ___, especially ___ (a precursor for serotonin and melatonin), result in Hartnup Disease.

Answer 7

Non-polar/neutral amino acids

Tryptophan

Question 8

Cardiac glycosides “jump-start” the heart by…?

Answer 8

Inhibiting Na+/K+ ATPase in cardiac myocytes

—>higher than normal [Na+] within the cells

—>impairs activity of the Sodium Calcium Exchanger (NCX)

—>higher than normal [Ca+] outside cells

—>increase in contractile force of cardiac cells

Question 9

Cystic Fibrosis is characterized by a genetic defect resulting in the formation of defective ____, which is a ___. This causes the buildup of ___ within airway cells resulting in the compensatory flow of ___ and ___ into the cells.

Answer 9

CFTR protein

Chloride ion transporter

Chloride (Cl-) ions

Sodium (Na+) ions / Water