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CT_SFM Block > Quiz 1 Correlation Boxes > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Correlation Boxes Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following acids is an omega-3 fatty acid and is also an essential FA?

A. Linoleic acid
B. Arachidonic acid
C. Linolenic acid
D. DHA

A

C. Linolenic acid

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2
Q

For the two essential fatty acids included below, what are their locations of double bonds? Indicate if they are an omega-6 or omega-3 FA

Linoleic acid:
Linolenic acid:

A

Linoleic acid: omega-6 bond @ 9,12

Linolenic acid: omega-3 bond @ 9, 12, 15

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3
Q

PT presents with gallstones, but is ornary and refuses to listen to advice. Several weeks later they come in after not seeking treatment previously, they now present with steatorrhea and deficiency in fat soluble vitamins. What vitamin supplements would you urge them to take? Why did they present with gallstones in the first place?

A

ADEK

Gallstones are hardened cholesterol caused when their is a large ratio of cholesterol to bile salts

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4
Q

Approx how many grams of protein are degraded every day and converted to amino acids? Where does the ammonium created from this degredation go/what process does it exit the body?

A

400g/day

Urea cycle

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5
Q

Organize the following membrane lipids into the correct inner or outer leaflet where they are found under normal conditions:

Sphingomyelin
Phosphotidylcholine
Phosphotidyleserine
Phosphatidylinositol
Glycolipid
Phosphotidyethanolamine
A

OUTER LEAFLET: Sphingolipid, Phosphotidylcholine, Glycolipid

INNER LEAFLET: Phosphatidylserine, Phosphatidylinositol, Phosphotidylethanolamine

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6
Q

Gastric proton pump found in the gut lumen responsible for pumping in protons to bind with Cl and make HCl. When the gastric acid needs to be lowered drugs are prescribed which are made to target which of the following pumps?

A. H/Cl ATPase
B. H/K ATPase
C. Na/Cl ATPase
D. Na/K ATPase

A

H/K ATPase

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7
Q

PT is a 4 month old child that is brought in after experiencing a seizure. PT presents with hepatosplenomegaly and upon eye inspection you notice a cherry red spot within the macula. Blood test show elevated levels of sphingomyelin in the lysosomes of liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Which enzyme is likely deficient?

A. Hexokinase
B. GALT
C. Sphingomyelinase
D. Phospholipomyelinase

A

Sphingomyelinase

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8
Q

Student wishes to determine which cells are undergoing apoptosis while investigating the extracellular layer of cells. Presence of which of the following phospholipids would indicate the occurance of apoptosis?

A. Phosphotidylinositol
B. Phosphotidylcholine
C. Glycolipid
D. Phosphotidylserine

A

Phosphotidylserine

Note:

  • Phosphotidylinositol: found on inner leaflet
  • Phosphotidylcholine: found on outer leaflet normally
  • Glycolipid: found on outer leaflet normally
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9
Q

Spur cell anemia is associated with elevated levels on the erythrocyte membrane, which leads to decreased flexibility and increased fragility. Which of the following is spur cell anemia also associated with?

A. moderate liver cirrohsis
B. advanced liver cirrohsis
C. Beta-lipoprotein anemia
D. All of the above
E. B and C
A

B. advanced liver cirrohsis

C. Beta-lipoprotein anemia

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10
Q

PT comes in complaining of abdominal pain that feels like it’s coming in waves. PT passes a stone that is high in cystine, and you believe you know what might be wrong, and you diagnose PT with Cystinuria. What type of AA’s are not being transported normally due to a defect in the responsible transporter? BONUS: indicate the amino acids for each AA type

A. Basic, Dibasic
B. Dibasic, Diacidic
C. Dimeric, Monomeric
D. Dimeric, Dibasic

A

D. Dimeric, Dibasic

Dimeric: Cystine

Dibasic: Lysine, Arginine, Ornithine

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11
Q

At birth, PT presents with nystigmas, intermittent ataxia, and photosensitivity. Analysis records abnormally high levels of amino acids like tryptophan, valine, methionine, and other non-polar amino acids in locations they’re usually transported from. What is the likely diagnosis of the following options?

A. Tarui disease
B. McArdle disease
C. Hartnup disease
D. Cystinuria

A

Hartnup disease

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12
Q

Cardiotonic drugs inhibit Na/K ATPase pump in cardiomyocytes which eventually leads to stronger contractions. Explain how this happens including the location, identity, and movement of relevant ions.

A

Inhibition of Na/K ATPase pump causes concentration of Na to rise in the intracellular space causing a decondary increase in Calcium, causing stronger contractions.

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13
Q

PT fasts and blood level is taken. It is shown that they have a blood level of 124 mg/dL, what is their current ranking of health?

A. Normal
B. Prediabetic
C. Diabetic
D. Hello

A

Prediabetic

NOTE:

After fasting:
Normal <100mg/dL
Prediabetic: 100-125
Diabetic >125

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14
Q

PT presents with ketoic hypoglycemia when fasting, and hyperglycemia postprandially. There is data showing that their is impaired transport of monosacharides, that correlate with hepatosplenomegaly and abdominal bloating. PT also has resistant rickets. What is the likely diagnosis, and what is the likely defect?

A. Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome, GLUT2
B. Diabetes Type I, insulin deficiency
C. Diabetes Type II, insulin insensitivity
D. Hemolytic anemia, glycolytic enzyme

A

A. Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome, GLUT2

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15
Q

What is the deficient enzyme in Von Gierke Disease (GSD I), and what is the biochemical result?

A

Glucose 6 phosphatase deficiency that results in the inability of the liver to release free glucose in the blood stream. Inability to replenish blood glucose

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16
Q

Galactosemia is abnormal levels of galactose in blood. Their is classical and non-classical galactosemia, but both result in deposition of either galactose or galactitol in the eye leading to cataracts. Describe what enzyme is deficient in either form of galactosemia, explaining the result of each

A

Classical: Deficiency in galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase unable to make galactose into galactose-1-phosphate.

Non-Classical: Deficiency in galactokinase resulting in the compensation of aldose reductase in the polyl pathway creating galactitol

17
Q

In GSD 0 presents with high suceptibility to hypoglycemia when fasting and periodic muscle cramps. Biochemically results in glucose unable to be stored as glycogen. What is the defective enzyme in GSD?

A

Glycogen synthase

18
Q

Andersen disease is also known as GSD IV? PTs present with hepatosplenomegaly, cirrhosis and death w/in 5 years of birth. Biochemical results include long chain glycogen with few branches. What is the defective enzyme in Andersen disease?

A

Glycosyl (4:6) transferase

19
Q

Which of the following glycogen storage diseases is the only one that results in lysosomal accumulation of glycogen, resulting from a defective a-glucosidase?

A. GSD 0
B. Hers disease
C. Andersen Disease
D. Pompe disease

A

Pompe disease

20
Q

Hers disease (GSD VI) and McArdle disease (GSD V) both have deficiencies in the same enzyme just found in different locations. They defects lead to glycogen being prevented from breaking down. What is the enzyme affected and what organ is each disease associated with?

A

Glycogen phosphorylase

Hers disease: liver

McArdle: muscle

21
Q

Cori disease (GSD III) has a deficiency in an enzyme that leads to glycogen molecules having high number of short branches. What is the enzyme affected?

A

a-1,6-glucosidase

22
Q

Why is it that under severe fasting conditions acetyl CoA is not used oxidized through TCA but instead converted to ketone bodies by the liver?

A

Under severe fasting conditions oxaloacetate is commited to gluconeogenesis and therefor acetylCoA cannot proceed into TCA

23
Q

While being synthesized from ATP and cysteine, CoA is also synthesized from which of the following vitmanins?

A. B12,
B. B5, Pantothnic acid
C. B3, Niacin
D. None of the above

A

B5, Pantothnic acid

24
Q

PTs with Beriberi have an increase in a-ketoglutarate and pyruvate in the blood due to PDC and a-ketoglutarate being impaired because of the deficincy in what vitamin?

A

B1 aka thiamine

Beriberi thiamine

25
Q

Citrate has differing allosteric affects on 2 different rate limiting enzymes. One is in glycolysis, the other is fatty acid synthesis. What are these enzymes and what is the affect citrate has on them?

A

Allosteric inhibito of PFK-1

Allosteric activator of acetyl CoA carboxylase

CT_SFM Block (5 decks)

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