Quiz 1 - Cell Adaption Flashcards
Describe Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a tissue, organ or the entire body
Give examples of physiologic atrophy (3)
- Thymus undergoing involution
- Ovaries, uterus and breasts after menopause
- Atrophic bones and muscles in the elderly become thin and prone to fracture
Give examples of pathologic atrophy (3)
- Ischemic organs are typically small (kidneys involved with atherosclerosis)
- Testicular atrophy
- Alzheimer dementia
Describe Hypertrophy
Increase in the size of tissue or organs due to enlargement of individual cells
Give examples of physiologic hypertrophy
Enlargement of skeletal muscles in body builders due to weights
Give examples of pathologic hypertrophy
- Hypertrophy of the heart that occurs as an adaptation to increased workload
- Concentric hypertrophy of left ventricular muscle typically seen in hypertension
Describe Hyperplasia
An adaptive increase in the number of cells that can cause enlargement of tissues or organs
Examples of hyperplasia
- Endometrial hyperplasia due to estrogens
2. Hyperplastic polyps of the colon or stomach
T or F, Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy cannot be seen together
False, they can.
Give two examples of hyperplasia and hypertrophy together
- Phsiologic hypertrophy of the uterine smooth muscle cells during pregnancy is also accompanied by hyperplasia
- A hyperplastic prostate, (BPH) increases both the size and number of glands and stroma
Describe Metaplasia
An adaptive change of one cell type for another to suit the environment
Examples of Metplasia
- Squamous metaplasia of the broncial epithelium due to smoking
- Gastric or glandular metaplasia of GE junction in Barrett Esophagus
Describe Dysplasia
Disordered growth of tissues resulting from chronic irritation or infection
T or F, Dysplasia is considered a precancerous condition
True
Example of dysplasia
Detection of cervical dysplasia base on PAP smears
T or F, there is an association of dysplasia and cervical cancers with HPV
True
Describe Anaplasia
Undifferentiated and uncontrolled growth of cells