quiz 1 -bio (2.1-2.6)

Question 1

cytoplasm

Answer 1

jelly like substance, supports other organelles, contains nutrients

Question 2

cell membrane

Answer 2

protective layer around cell, controls what enters and exits the cell

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

large circle in cell, controls activity in cell, contains dna

Question 4

nucleolus

Answer 4

small dark circle in nucleus, where ribosome is produced

Question 5

nuclear membrane

Answer 5

phospholipid bilayer (fats) that separate nucleus from cytoplasm

Question 6

endoplasmic reticulum (er)

Answer 6

squiggly lines near nucleus that help to transport materials/proteins through cell

Question 7

ribosome

Answer 7

tiny black dots commonly attached to er or float around cytoplasm, builds proteins for cell

Question 8

golgi bodies/golgi apparatus

Answer 8

“stack of pancakes” that collect, modify, process, and package materials to be removed from cell

Question 9

lysosome

Answer 9

medium circles with membranes in cytoplasm that contains chemicals to digest unwanted items. only in animal cells

Question 10

mitochondrion

Answer 10

circles/ovals with folds inside, known as powerhouse of the cell since they perform cellular respiration (oxygen +sugar—> energy)

Question 11

vacuoles

Answer 11

light coloured circles/ovals that store nutrients, water, waste products. larger in plant cells than animals cells

Question 12

cytoskeleton

Answer 12

internal network of fibres that help maintain cell shape

Question 13

centrioles

Answer 13

looks like two twizzlers, involved in cell division and coordination of spindle fibres. only in animal cells

Question 14

cell wall

Answer 14

thick layer on outside of plant cells that give plant structure and support. only in plant cells

Question 15

central vacuole

Answer 15

large vacuole located beside nucleus that helps give plant cells structure. only in plant cells

Question 16

chloroplast

Answer 16

oval shaped organelle with ovals/lines that’s usually found on edge of cell. contains chlorophyll that allows plants to go through photosynthesis. only in plant cells

Question 17

all living things must have what characteristics?

Answer 17

nutrition, metabolism, growth, response, excretion, reproduction, cells

Question 18

cell theory?

Answer 18

1. all organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. the cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms
3. all living cells come from pre existing cells

Question 19

characteristics of prokaryotes

Answer 19

-no nucleus, only nucleoid that contains dna
- smaller, less complex than eukaryotes
- unicellular

Question 20

characteristics of eukaryotes

Answer 20

• multicellular or unicellular
• has nucleus that contains dna
• larger than prokaryotes

Question 21

passive movement definition

Answer 21

no energy needed to occur

Question 22

why do cells divide

Answer 22

to grow, reproduce, and repair

Question 23

the larger the cell becomes, the ____ efficiently it functions

Answer 23

less

Question 24

definition of apoptosis

Answer 24

controlled cell death because of a faulty cell

Question 25

explain asexual reproduction

Answer 25

- done usually by unicellular organisms - only need one parent - off-spring is genetically identical to parent

Question 26

describe sexual reproduction

Answer 26

- multicellular organisms - need two parents - offspring created are unique - specialized cells called gametes combine to produce offspring

Question 27

gametes

Answer 27

specialized cells that contain half of the dna usually found in a cell (important for sexual reproduction)

Question 28

what does the cell cycle include

Answer 28

g1 phase s phase g2 phase g0 phase mitosis cytokinesis

Question 29

what happens in the g1 phase of the cell cycle

Answer 29

- rapid growth of cell - continues to do specialized function cell can only move on when - it’s large enough - has enough nutrients - is in a suitable environment

Question 30

what happens in the s phase of the cell cycle

Answer 30

- dna replication occurs in preparation of cell division

Question 31

what happens in the g2 phase of the cell cycle

Answer 31

- cell prepare to divide - organelles duplicate - centrioles form - cell is still growing cell can only move on if dna is duplicated correctly

Question 32

what happens in the g0 phase of the cell cycle

Answer 32

- cell carries out normal function - doesn’t divide

Question 33

what happens during mitosis in the cell cycle

Answer 33

- PMAT - division of genetic material to create two new cells with identical dna can only move on if chromosomes are divided correctly

Question 34

what happens during cytokinesis

Answer 34

- where cell separates into two - cytoplasm divides - organelles divide end with two identical cells

Question 35

why would a cell remain in interphase

Answer 35

- signals from other cells telling the. not to divide - not enough nutrients - dna hasn’t been replicated - dna is damaged