Quiz 1 Flashcards
a mature bone cell
osteocyte
direct the formation of the mitotic spindle
centrioles
organelle that detoxifies drugs and pesticides
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
digest worn out organelles and foreign particles
lysosomes
liquid matrix of blood
plasma
synthesize proteins used within the cytoplasm
free ribosomes
type of cell division used for growth and repair
mitosis
period of cell growth
interphase
cartilage cell
chromatin
diffusion of water across a membrane
osmosis
modifications of the plasma membrane that increase surface area for absorption
microvilli
site of ribosome assembly
nucleolus
reading the code on mRNA to make a protein
translation
main lipid in the plasma membrane
phospholipid
process of taking solid material into a cell
phagocytosis
solution that would cause a cell to shrink
hypertonic solution
tissue that forms the framework of the epiglottis
elastic cartilage
phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the “equator”
metaphase
modifies proteins received from the RER
golgi apparatus
division of cytoplasm
cytokinesis
organelles that synthesize most of the ATP used by a cell
mitochondria
region where identical DNA molecules (sister chromatids) are together after replication
centromere
unequal solute concentrations in 2 solutions separated by a membrane
concentration gradient
molecules that add functionality to plasma membrane
proteins
three base code on DNA
triplet
synthesizes proteins to be secreted from cell
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Epithelial Tissue
Tightly packed
Regenerates quickly
basement membrane
Simple epithelial cells
One layer
Stratified epithelial
2 ore more layers.
Pseudostratified
One layer of cells.
All cels touch the basement membrane but allcells dont reach the free surface.
3 different shapes
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Simple squamous Epithelium
Single layer of flat cells
Commonly found in filtration and diffusion
Locations, walls of the aveoli
Capilary walls
Lines the inside of blood vessels.
Simple Cuboidal Epithlium
Single layer of cube shaped cells
Locations,
Ducks of the salivary glands and pacreas
Most of the kidney tubes
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Single layer of elongated cells
Nuclei near basement membrane
Goblet cells, ceretes mucis
Locations, Microvilli, increase surface area for absorption
Liing of the stomach and intestines.
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Single layer, all cells touch basement membrane; nuclei at various levels.
Cilia, commonly on apical surface
Goblet cells: screte mucus
Locations; Trachea, bonchi, nasal caviy, nasal sinuses.
Stratified Squamous Epitelium
Many layers of cells
Apical cells flattened
cell of outer layers proect underlying layers against abrasion & infections
Locations, Epidermis of the skins, mouth, vagina, esophagus, anal canal.
Glandular Epithelium
Composed of cells that are specialized to produce an secree a product.
Endocrine glands (hormones)
Exocrine glands release products into the ducts that carry secretion to a free surface
Extraculiar matrix
non living substance, fibers and ground substances
Collagen fibers
Bundles of collagen (protein)
Flexible, great tensile strength.
Elastic Fibers
Composed of elastin (protien)
Stretch easily; return to original shape.
reticular fibers
Very thin collagen fibers
form delicate supporting
Bone Tissue (Osseous Tissue)
Extracellular matric contains abundant collagen finben fibers and mineral salts.
Support body structures, protects organs, attachemtn sites for muscles, stores and releases minerals.
Functional unit of compant bone: osteon
Central canal: blood vessels and nerves
Lamella: rings of matrix
Osteocytes in lacunae
Canaliculi: small tubes
Hyaline Cartilage
Most abundant: Costal cartilage, articular cartilage.
end of long bones where they form a joint.
Chondrocutes in lacunae
Fine collagen fibers in matrix
Elastic Cartilage
Dense Networkd of Elastic Fibers in Matrix.
Chondrocytes in lacunae
More flexible than hyaline cartilage
Frameworkd for pinna, epiglottis
Dense, rRegular Connective Tissue
Densely packed, parallel collagen fibers; fibroblasts.
Withstands pulling forces
Ligaments and tendons
Areolar Connective Tissue
Fibroblasts, Collagen and elastic fibers
Beneath skin, between muscles and epithelial tissues
Locations, between muscles, beneath the skin.
Blood and Fat
Its conenctive tissue
Skeletal Muscle issue
Cells(fibers) Long, cynlidrical, striated, multinucleated
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Cells are striated, short and brached, connected by intercalated discs
Found onl in the heart, involutary control,
SMooth Muscle issue
Spinged shaped cells, centrall located, nucleus, no striations
Found in the walls of hollow organs
