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Cell Biology > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a mature bone cell

A

osteocyte

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2
Q

direct the formation of the mitotic spindle

A

centrioles

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3
Q

organelle that detoxifies drugs and pesticides

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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4
Q

digest worn out organelles and foreign particles

A

lysosomes

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5
Q

liquid matrix of blood

A

plasma

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6
Q

synthesize proteins used within the cytoplasm

A

free ribosomes

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7
Q

type of cell division used for growth and repair

A

mitosis

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8
Q

period of cell growth

A

interphase

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9
Q

cartilage cell

A

chromatin

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10
Q

diffusion of water across a membrane

A

osmosis

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11
Q

modifications of the plasma membrane that increase surface area for absorption

A

microvilli

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12
Q

site of ribosome assembly

A

nucleolus

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13
Q

reading the code on mRNA to make a protein

A

translation

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14
Q

main lipid in the plasma membrane

A

phospholipid

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15
Q

process of taking solid material into a cell

A

phagocytosis

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16
Q

solution that would cause a cell to shrink

A

hypertonic solution

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17
Q

tissue that forms the framework of the epiglottis

A

elastic cartilage

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18
Q

phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the “equator”

A

metaphase

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19
Q

modifies proteins received from the RER

A

golgi apparatus

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20
Q

division of cytoplasm

A

cytokinesis

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21
Q

organelles that synthesize most of the ATP used by a cell

A

mitochondria

22
Q

region where identical DNA molecules (sister chromatids) are together after replication

A

centromere

23
Q

unequal solute concentrations in 2 solutions separated by a membrane

A

concentration gradient

24
Q

molecules that add functionality to plasma membrane

A

proteins

25
Q

three base code on DNA

A

triplet

26
Q

synthesizes proteins to be secreted from cell

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

27
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Tightly packed

Regenerates quickly

basement membrane

28
Q

Simple epithelial cells

A

One layer

29
Q

Stratified epithelial

A

2 ore more layers.

30
Q

Pseudostratified

A

One layer of cells.

All cels touch the basement membrane but allcells dont reach the free surface.

31
Q

3 different shapes

A

Squamous

Cuboidal

Columnar

32
Q

Simple squamous Epithelium

A

Single layer of flat cells

Commonly found in filtration and diffusion

Locations, walls of the aveoli

Capilary walls

Lines the inside of blood vessels.

33
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithlium

A

Single layer of cube shaped cells

Locations,

Ducks of the salivary glands and pacreas

Most of the kidney tubes

34
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

Single layer of elongated cells

Nuclei near basement membrane

Goblet cells, ceretes mucis

Locations, Microvilli, increase surface area for absorption

Liing of the stomach and intestines.

35
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Single layer, all cells touch basement membrane; nuclei at various levels.

Cilia, commonly on apical surface

Goblet cells: screte mucus

Locations; Trachea, bonchi, nasal caviy, nasal sinuses.

36
Q

Stratified Squamous Epitelium

A

Many layers of cells

Apical cells flattened

cell of outer layers proect underlying layers against abrasion & infections

Locations, Epidermis of the skins, mouth, vagina, esophagus, anal canal.

37
Q

Glandular Epithelium

A

Composed of cells that are specialized to produce an secree a product.

Endocrine glands (hormones)

Exocrine glands release products into the ducts that carry secretion to a free surface

38
Q

Extraculiar matrix

A

non living substance, fibers and ground substances

39
Q

Collagen fibers

A

Bundles of collagen (protein)

Flexible, great tensile strength.

40
Q

Elastic Fibers

A

Composed of elastin (protien)

Stretch easily; return to original shape.

41
Q

reticular fibers

A

Very thin collagen fibers

form delicate supporting

42
Q

Bone Tissue (Osseous Tissue)

A

Extracellular matric contains abundant collagen finben fibers and mineral salts.

Support body structures, protects organs, attachemtn sites for muscles, stores and releases minerals.

Functional unit of compant bone: osteon

Central canal: blood vessels and nerves

Lamella: rings of matrix

Osteocytes in lacunae

Canaliculi: small tubes

43
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Most abundant: Costal cartilage, articular cartilage.

end of long bones where they form a joint.

Chondrocutes in lacunae

Fine collagen fibers in matrix

44
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Dense Networkd of Elastic Fibers in Matrix.

Chondrocytes in lacunae

More flexible than hyaline cartilage

Frameworkd for pinna, epiglottis

45
Q

Dense, rRegular Connective Tissue

A

Densely packed, parallel collagen fibers; fibroblasts.

Withstands pulling forces

Ligaments and tendons

46
Q

Areolar Connective Tissue

A

Fibroblasts, Collagen and elastic fibers

Beneath skin, between muscles and epithelial tissues

Locations, between muscles, beneath the skin.

47
Q

Blood and Fat

A

Its conenctive tissue

48
Q

Skeletal Muscle issue

A

Cells(fibers) Long, cynlidrical, striated, multinucleated

49
Q

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

A

Cells are striated, short and brached, connected by intercalated discs

Found onl in the heart, involutary control,

50
Q

SMooth Muscle issue

A

Spinged shaped cells, centrall located, nucleus, no striations

Found in the walls of hollow organs

Cell Biology (5 decks)

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