Cell Biology Flashcards
What determines the Cells function
the design, shape, and orgenelles determine the function of the cell
Which of the following is most likely to pass through a transport protein when entering a cell?
Glucose
Which of the following is a major role of the glycocalyx of the cell membrane?
Cell identification
Which component of the cell membrane is hydrophobic?
Fatty acid tails of the phospholipid molecules
Which of the following best describes the major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a membrane enclosed nucleus.
Which of the following molecules will not be able to easily pass directly through the phospholipid portion of the cell membrane?
Polar molecules
Despite the great variation among cells, they all have three things in common. Which of the following is not a feature common to all cells?
They all have internal membranes.
Which of the following is most likely to pass through a transport protein when entering a cell?
Glucose
Which of the following is a major role of the glycocalyx of the cell membrane?
Cell identification
Which of the following best describes the cytoskeleton?
An internal framework made of protein microfilaments and microtubules
During protein synthesis, where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
Which of the following is not a form of endocytosis?
Sodium/potassium pump
Which of the following is not a passive process?
Na+/K+ pump
Which of the following uses extensions of the membrane called pseudopodia to form a membrane sac around the object to be transported into the cell?
Phagocytosis
Which of the following statements about diffusion is incorrect?
Simple diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient, whereas facilitated diffusion moves substances up their concentration gradient.
Which of the following may move directly by osmosis?
Water only
Which of the following is necessary for diffusion to occur?
A concentration gradient
Which of the following is correct about diffusion rate?
Diffusion rate is faster when there is a greater concentration gradient.
Which of the following is the main difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endocytosis moves materials into a cell, whereas exocytosis expels materials from the cell.
Which statement about molecules at equilibrium is incorrect?
They stop moving once equilibrium is reached.
Which of the following is an example of facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion of polar molecules through a carrier protein
Which of the following is responsible for producing the “water gradient” that drives osmosis?
Solute molecules
Which of the following is an example of facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion of polar molecules through a carrier protein
Which of the following statements about diffusion is incorrect?
Simple diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient, whereas facilitated diffusion moves substances up their concentration gradient.
Which of the following is an example of facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion of polar molecules through a carrier protein
Which of the following is the best situation for maintaining homeostasis?
Extracellular fluid should be isotonic to intracellular fluid.
A cell is placed in a fluid of unknown tonicity. After one hour there is no change in the appearance of the cell. What would be a reasonable conclusion from this observation?
The fluid is isotonic to the cell.
As it relates to osmotic balance, what specifically does the term tonicity refer to?
The amount of solute in the fluid.
Which organ or organs play the biggest role in regulating osmotic balance in the body?
The kidneys
What would happen to a cell in a hypotonic environment?
It may swell and burst as excess water moves in.
If a person is suffering from dehydration, what is happening to their body fluids?
Their fluids are becoming more hypertonic.
In some old horror movies, the “mad scientist” threatens to kill a person by injecting them with a small syringe of concentrated salt solution. Although this may be an exaggeration, what is the biological basis for this claim?
It could make blood hypertonic and blood cells may shrink and die.
In general, in which direction would net water movement occur during osmosis?
From the hypotonic to the hypertonic fluid
What is the danger to our cells during water toxicity?
Cells could swell and burst.
