Quiz 1 Flashcards
GI parasympathetics come from Cranial Nerves and Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves. What are the origins of these parasympathetics?
CN III, VII, IX, X
Pelvic Splanchnic: S2 - S4
Where do the Four Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves Synapse?
Intermesenteric Plexus
Anterior Aorta, between SMA and IMA
The greater omentum really forms during stomach rotation. What structure enlarges to create it?
Dorsal Mesogastrum
How does the Lateral Umbilical fold come about?
Due to Inferior Epigastric A
What are esophageal varies and how do they happen?
Dilation of the submucosal venous sinuses from increased pressure. These reside in the esophagus
What are the two targets of the T1 - T6 post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway?
Up a level to the Heart
Same Level to the Lung
The Abdominal Aortic Plexus controls digestion. what three plexuses does it consist of?
Celiac
Superior Mesenteric
Inferior Mesenteric
What vertebral levels are the left and right stomach fixed to?
L: T10 - 11
R: L1
What spinal cord levels are the first and second lumbar splanchnic nerves associated with?
L1 and L2
Mass activation of sympathetic ganglia cause a heightened sense of stimulation due to stimulation of what?
RAS
If you sever the Gastrophrenic L, what blood vessel might you expect to be severed with it?
Posterior Gastric A
What does the intestine-intestinal reflex do?
an extremely distended area of the bowel will inhibit contractile activity in the rest of the bowel
What is the embryonic derivative of enteric ganglia/nerves and their glia?
Nerves: Ectoderm
Glia: NCCs
What lines the bile canaliculus?
Cholangiocytes (between adjacent hepatocytes)
Superficial lymph vessels drain into different nodes depending on their location relative to the umbilicus. Which go where?
Superior to Umbilicus: Axillary Nodes (some parasternal)
Inferior to Umbilicus: Superficial Inguinal Nodes
What two things does the peritoneum product to fight infection?
Antibodies
Leukocytes
How does the Entero-Gastric Reflex inhibit gastric emptying in response to hypertonicity in the duodenum?
nobody knows
A patient has a positive murphys sign and a painful right shoulder. What do you think it is?
Actue Cholecystitis
What stimulates the chemical trigger zone of the vomiting reflex?
Apomorphine, Morphine
What acts on the Intrinsic Primary Afferent Neuron to initiate the peristaltic reflex when signaled by distention?
Serotonin (released by enterochromaffin cells)
What two paths do Visceral Autonomic Efferents use?
Vagus or Pelvic Splanchnics
Whats the only thing Dr Dennis wants us to know about enteroendocrine cells?
They can be closed or they can open into the lumen to release their products
What landmarks do you identify to form portal lobules, destined to drain into the same bile duct?
3 Central Veins
What sandwiches the lesser peritoneal sac?
Omentum