Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is the scientific study of the mind and behavior?
PSYCHOLOGY
What is the science of human beings;especially:the study of human beings and their ancestors through time and space and in relation to physical character, environmental and social relations, and culture?
ANTHROPOLOGY
What is the study concerned with the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services?
: ECONOMICS
What is the study of past events, particularly in human affairs?
HISTORY
What is the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources, land use, and industries?
geography
What is the scientific study of language and its structure, including the study of morphology, syntax, phonetics, and semantics?
LINGUISTICS
What is the branch of knowledge that deals with systems of government; the analysis of political activity and behavior?
POLITICAL SCIENCE
What is the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society
SOCIOLOGY
generally understood as an endeavor to understand, explain and predict the world we live in using distinctive methods of enquiry in an attempt to construct theories.
Science
Types of sciences
Natural Sciences
Social Sciences
Applied Social Sciences
disciplines that deal only with natural events using scientific methods”.
Natural Sciences
While the employment of scientific methods is generally regarded as typical but not exclusive of natural sciences, it is the focus on natural events that distinguishes natural from social science.
Natural Sciences
human society, societal groups, individuals in their relationships with others or institutions of societies and material goods as expression of human cohabitation
SOCIAL Sciences
The practical application of social science knowledge. Emphasis on putting theories into practice.
Applied SOCIAL SCIENCES
Characteristics of the Applied Social Sciences
Makes use of loose concepts rather than generalized propositions and theories
Not all concepts or theoretical models of SS are equally useful to ApSS
More likely to borrow from their basic disciplines those concepts and theoretical models which can aid ApSS in understanding or producing changes.
When the basic discipline does not provide theoretical systems or concepts to aid the ApSScientist to deal with change, the latter will develop these himself
The new concepts will, in turn, exert pressure to produce modifications in the theories of the basic discipline
This specializes in the operations and management of business institutions
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Focuses on the study of crime, criminal behavior, and the legal system:
CRIMINOLOGY
Provides a background in personnel management, staff training and development, and the crafting and institution of an organization’s policies and procedures:
Human Resources and organizational development
Includes the promotion, creative services, public relations, research, consulting, communications, advertisement, strategy, branding, and much more:
MARKETING
Concerned with the use of land, protection and use of the environment, public welfare, and the design of the urban environment:
URBAN PLANNING
The field specializes in the administrative knowledge needed to meet the demands of corporate technology systems including problem solving, resource allocation, networking, and security:
Information Technology Management
Provides professionals in clinics, hospitals, private practices, nursing homes, research facilities, and the like with the focused training required to handle the unique management challenges of the healthcare industry:
Healthcare Management
Social Sciences: ________ perspective
MACRO PERSPECTIVE
Episteme:
Production of knowledge
Applied Social Sciences:_____________
MICRO PERSPECTIVE
Techne
Loosely translated into “art” or “craft
It is a process, a relationship, an art, a science, and an emerging profession.
Counseling
when individuals learn about themselves and their interpersonal relationships, and enact behaviors that advance their personal and interpersonal relationships, and enact behaviors that advance their personal development
Counseling as a Process
Entails a series of steps or actions that are intended for a particular end.
Counseling as a Process
Counseling as a Process leads clients to a
journey of self-exploration,
self-discovery, and even behavior and attitude changes, in some cases.
The knowledge and awareness that they will obtain from these sessions would help them
make informed choices.
A professional relationship between a trained counselor and a client.
Counseling as a Relationship
Egalitarian by nature means
that the power between the counselor and client should be consciously shared by the two parties.
Counseling as a Relationship is built on
TRUST and CONFIDENTIALITY
a flexible and creative process whereby the counselor adjusts the approach to the unique and emerging needs of the client.”
Counseling as an Art
Delves into the objective realm of the counseling process
Counseling as a Science
“required to have the skills to formulate objective observations and inferences, test hypotheses, build theories, use psychological tests, and use research methods”
Counselor-Scientists
Approaches to Psychology
Biological Psychoanalysis Cognitive Psychology Humanism Behaviorism
Focus on genetic, hormonal and neurological chemical explanations of behavior
Biological Approach
Innate drives of sex and aggression (nature), Social Upbringing during childhood (nurture)
Psychoanalysis
Innate mental structures such as schemas, perception and memory and constantly changed by the environment
Cognitive Psychology
Maslow emphasized basic physical needs, society influences a person’s self concept
Humanism
All behavior is learned from the environment through conditioning
Behaviorism
Significantly flourished in the 20th century
Counseling as an emerging profession
A service sought by people in distress or in some degree of confusion who wish to discuss and resolve these in a relationship which is more disciplined and confidential than friendship, and perhaps less stigmatizing than helping relationships offered in traditional or psychiatric settings
Counseling as an emerging profession
have the opportunity to assist their clients in making choices and solving their problems in various settings such as schools, communities, offices, and clinical settings
Counselors
Counseling Goals
Facilitating behavior change
improving the client’s ability to establish and maintain relationships
Enhancing the client’s effectiveness and ability to cope
Promoting the decision-making process
Facilitating client potential and development
McLeod’s (2003) 15 specific goals of counseling:
Insight
Relating with others (for meaningful and satisfying relationships)
Self-awareness (awareness of one’s thoughts, feelings, and actions)
Self-acceptance (gaining positive view about oneself)
Self-actualization or individuation (maximizing one’s full potential as an individual)
Enlightenment (achieving a higher state of spirituality)
Problem-solving (developing skills for problem-solving)
Psychological education (attaining an understanding of people’s behaviors)
Acquisition of social skills(enhancement of social and interpersonal skills)
Cognitive change (modifying irrational beliefs or self-defeating thoughts that hinder development)
Behavior change (replacement of maladaptive behavior)
Systemic change (social institutions and processes are improved)
Empowerment (Developing the knowledge, skills, and attitudes for better control in life)
Restitution (making peace with oneself for past mistakes)
Generativity and social action
Criteria that counseling goals should meet:
It must be a goal shared with the client
The counselor must be willing to help the client achieve this goal
It must be possible to assess the extent to which the client achieves the goal
Ethical Principles
Autonomy of individuals
Principle of Nonmaleficence
Principle of Justice
Principle of Fidelity
General Moral Theories
Empathy Sincerity Integrity Resilience Respect Humility Competence Fairness Wisdom Courage
