Communication Flashcards
Derived from the Latin word “communis
Communication
word “communis”, which means
common
is a complex process that involves the use of
symbols and which faci l itates human interaction and
relationships.
communication
METHODS OF COMMUNICATION
verbal
non-verbal
written
Oral communication/spoken words
verbal
Communicating through behavior other than words
Used to complement or replace verbal messages, can contradict verbal messages
non-verbal
Makes use of wr itten symbols, such as a standard scr ipt (e.g. Engl ish alphabet) and numbers.
E.g. letters, e-mai l , reports, memos, etc.
Written
b. Elements of Communication
o Message o Sender and Receiver o Channel o Feedback o Context o Noise o Effect
content of the communicat ive act . Must have a common
system of symbols (e.g. language)
message
(aka encoder /source- decides what is to be communicated.
sender
(aka decoder / interpreter) -receives, interprets, and responds to
the message through feedback is cal led the receiver.
receiver
Medium by which the message is transmi t ted from sender to
receiver.
Channel
hearing, touching, smelling, tasting, and seeing
basic and natural channels
printing press, telephone, radio, television, and the Internet
technical medium
refers to the informat ion or signal sent back to the sender by
the receiver through verbal or non-verbal means. Al lows for adjustment
to reach an understanding or meet common goal
feedback
- encourages behavior in progress.
positive
gives a cue to correct or stop a behavior.
negative
pertains to the sett ing or envi ronment surrounding the
communication transaction. May be a place, t ime, event , and even
includes the social , cul tural , and psychological condi t ion of the
communicators
context
(aka inter ference)- anything that can distort the message. May be
external ly or internal ly caused.
noise
physical noise or interference from the environment
e.g. boisterous laughter, cars honking, bad odor
external
concerns the mind of the communicators. (e.g. hunger)
internal
Resul t of communication, both posi t ive and negat ive. Can be in
the form of:
effect
changes in the receiver’s thoughts E.g. Learning in class discussion
cognitive
changes in thereceiver’s emotions
E.g.fan getting excited as he/she watches his/her idol perform
affective
changes in thereceiver’s actions
E.g. buying an item from a persuasive sales person
behavioral
Principles of Communication
o Communication is dynamic
o Communication is unrepeatable and irreversible
o Communication has no opposite
o Communication is affected by culture
o Communication is influenced by ethics
o Communication is competence-based
o Communication is being transformed by media and technology
(internal dialogue/self-talk)
Intrapersonal
(between persons)
Interpersonal
(3or more people)
Group
More formal in nature than group communication; sender
oriented)
Public
(communication to a large audience and vast distances with
the use of a technological medium; usually one-way)
Mass
(alternative to face-to-face interactio
computer mediated
Goals of Communication
o To inform and be informed
o To persuade and influence
o To build and maintain relationships
o To develop a career
g. Roles and Functions of Communication
Political
Economic
Social
Population culture; entertaining and educating the public; building a nation; developing a country and mobilizing people
social
disseminating information; creating and reflecting public opinion; watchdog of the government
Political
one-way process, acknowledges the effect of noise
Transmission Model
alternating roles of communicators as sender and receiver
in encoding and decoding messages
- Same concepts with the transmission model, but added the
concept of feed back
Interaction Model/Circular Model
- Same concepts with the transmission model, but added the
concept of feed back
Interaction Model/Circular Model
- highlights negations of meanings in any communication
event through the concept of field of experience - Communicators share a frame of reference than an actual
exchange of meanings can take place
Transactional Model
