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Astronomy 129 > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Light year

A

Distance traveled by light in 1 year

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2
Q

True or false. Most of space is empty

A

True

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3
Q

Constellations

A

How some people connect random stars into groups

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4
Q

Different what see different things as constellations

A

Cultures

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5
Q

“Up” traditionally meant what?

A

Heaven

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6
Q

How we’re constellations seen?

A

As gods

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7
Q

What is a celestial sphere

A

Stars all at SAME distance and move at SAME rate

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8
Q

Are celestial spheres true or false

A

False

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9
Q

What causes stars to move

A

Earths rotation

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10
Q

What are intersections with earths poles equator

A

Celestial poles and celestial equator

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11
Q

What is a solar day

A

Time for sum to rotate and land in same place

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12
Q

Sidereal day

A

Time for stars to be in the same place

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13
Q

Why are solar days longer?

A

Because we have to rotate a little singer to see the sun

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14
Q

What does rotate mean

A

To spin

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15
Q

What does revolve mean?

A

To orbit/ go around

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16
Q

What is the path of ecliptic

A

When the sun moves across celestial sphere once per year

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17
Q

What causes seasons

A

Rotation of earth on its axis relative to its orbit

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18
Q

Summer solstice

A

Northernmost location of the sun

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19
Q

Winter solstice

A

Southernmost location of the sun

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20
Q

What is the equinox

A
  • Equal night

- 12 hr nights everywhere on earth

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21
Q

What are surface temperatures higher in the summer?

A
  • days are longer

- sunlight is more direct

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22
Q

Why is the north pole still cold even though it has the longest days?

A

The sun comes in as angel

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23
Q

What does zodiac mean?

A

12 constellations sun passes through in 1 year

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24
Q

New moon

A

All dark

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25
Q

Full moon

A

All light

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26
Q

Quarter moon

A

Half light and half dark

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27
Q

Gibbous moon

A

Almost full

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28
Q

Wax

A

Growing

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29
Q

Wane

A

Shrinking

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30
Q

Do we ever see the dark side of the moon?

A

No

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31
Q

Why do we never see the dark side of the moon?

A

Because the rate of rotation matches the rate of revolution

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32
Q

How many lunar revolutions are in 1 year

A

12

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33
Q

What is a year

A

Time for earth to orbit the sun

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34
Q

What is a day

A

Time for earth to rotate so the sun is in the same spot

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35
Q

What do we have a 7 day week

A

Because they used to worship different astronomical gods each day

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36
Q

Sunday god

A

Sun god

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37
Q

Monday god

A

Moon god

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38
Q

Tuesday god

A

Mara god

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39
Q

Wednesday god

A

Mercury god

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40
Q

Thursday god

A

Jupiter god

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41
Q

Friday god

A

Venus god

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42
Q

Saturday god

A

Saturn god

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43
Q

Why do we have a 60 minute hr

A

The Babylonians had a base number of 60

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44
Q

What is a lunar eclipse

A

Earth between sun and moon

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45
Q

Solar eclipse

A

Moon between sun and watch

46
Q

What is a Parallax

A

Shift of an object relative to background when you move

47
Q

Why do we think astronomy was created

A

For agriculture

48
Q

Planet is Greek for what?

A

Wander

49
Q

What is retrograde motion

A

When plants appear to move backwards

50
Q

Epicycles

A

Complex geometry could explain all planetary motion

51
Q

Where did early cultures believe earth was relative to other planets

A

In the middle of everything

52
Q

What is geocentric

A

Concept that watch is center of everything

53
Q

Who argued for sun centered universe

A

Copernicus

54
Q

What is heliocentric

A

Concept that sun is center of everything

55
Q

Why was heliocentric not popular?

A

For religious concerns

56
Q

Who popularized heliocentric theory after telescopes were invented

A

Galileo and Kepler

57
Q

Who discovered moons around Jupiter?

A

Galileo

58
Q

What confirmed that we orbited the sun?

A

The phases of Venus

59
Q

Kepler’s first law

A

Planets orbit the sun in ellipses, not circles, with sun at one focus

60
Q

Semi major axis

A
  • Half of a major axis

- similar to circle radius

61
Q

Eccentricity

A

Distance between the foci/ length of major axis

62
Q

Peri

A

Closest point

63
Q

Apo

A

Farthest point

64
Q

Helion

A

Sun

65
Q

Gee

A

Earth

66
Q

Apogee

A

Farthest point from earth

67
Q

Kepler’s second law

A
  • Planetary orbits sweep out equal areas in equal time

- this means plants move faster and closer to the sun

68
Q

Keplers 3rd law

A

Period ^2 is proportional to semimajoraxis ^3

69
Q

Astronomical Unit (AU)

A

The average distance of earth form sun

70
Q

Kepler’s 3rd law

A

Period ^2 equals semimajoraxis^3

71
Q

How do you find velocity

A

Distance over time

72
Q

How do you find distance

A

Velocity x time

73
Q

How do you find time

A

Distance over velocity

74
Q

Newton found that what holds the solar system together?

A

Gravity

75
Q

What was Newton’s first law

A

Everybody stays at rest or in a uniform motion in a straight line unless a force acts on it

76
Q

Force depends on what

A

Mass

77
Q

What was Newton’s second law

A

When a force acts in a mass it produces a change in velocity

F=ma

78
Q

What was newtons third law

A

To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

79
Q

All bodies exert what on all others with amount of attraction proportional to mass

A
  • attractive gravitational force

- earth is very massive and pulls everything towards t

80
Q

Acceleration is what compared to baseball

A

Small

81
Q

On the moon the baseball will go shorter or higher

A

Higher

82
Q

On mars moon a baseball will do what when thrown up?

A

Will slow but never come back

83
Q

Smaller mass= what

A

Smaller about of gravity

84
Q

Newtons law of gravity

A

Fg=m1,m2,G/ r^2

85
Q

Around how much mass does the sun take up in our solar system

A

99.8%

86
Q

What would happen if the only force present was gravity

A

We would be sucked into the sun

87
Q

Why do we not get sucked into the sun

A

Because the plants move

88
Q

Centripetal force equation

A

F(little c) = Mv^2/r

89
Q

We measure what to get mass?

A

r,v,G

90
Q

What watching earths orbit we get the mass of the _____?

A

Sun

91
Q

By watching moons orbit we get the mass of the _____?

A

Earth

92
Q

By watching any orbit we get the mass of _____?

A

Any object

93
Q

Who showed Kepler he had some mistakes

A

Newton

94
Q

We use the suns what to hunt for alien worlds

A

The wiggle

95
Q

For objects of similar mass, the center of the mass is where?

A

Between them

96
Q

Orbit of spacecrafts are determined by their what?

A

Velocity

97
Q

What is escape velocity

A

When something has to move faster to exit the earth orbit

98
Q

How do we learn about objects far away

A
  • By the light they emit

- electro magnetic radiation

99
Q

3 ways energy is transmitted

A
  • electromagnetic radiation
  • convection
  • conduction
100
Q

What are different types of light

A
  • visible
  • inferred
  • ultra
  • X-ray
  • gamma
  • radio
101
Q

What are waves measured by

A

Crest and trough

102
Q

How are diff types of light characterized

A

Wavelength

103
Q

Frequency

A

Number of waves per second

104
Q

Longer waves mean

A

Shorter frequency

105
Q

What devices have long wavelengths

A

TV, radio, cell phones

106
Q

Stars energy is converted into light which travels in what direction

A

Outward

107
Q

Red light goes shorter or longer?

A

Longer

108
Q

What two forms of light are long

A

Radio and inferred

109
Q

What forms of light are short

A

UV, gamma ray, and X-ray

110
Q

Why did we build telescopes

A

To study different types of light

Astronomy 129 (4 decks)

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