Quiz 1

Question 1

Name 4 traumatic types of spinal cord injuries.

Answer 1

Motor vehicle accidents (40.4%)
Falling (27.9%)
Violence (15.0%)
Recreational sports (8%)

Question 2

Name 3 nontraumatic types of spinal cord injuries.

Answer 2

• Embolus, thrombus, or hemorrhage to the arteries of the spinal cord
• Vascular malformation (AVM) in the spinal cord
• Subluxations of spinal columns via DJD, RA, Abscesses, Myelitis, Infections

Question 3

T/F. Life Expectancy remains less for a SCI than no injury.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is the complete paralysis of all four extremities and trunk, including the respiratory muscles, and results from lesion of the cervical cord?

Answer 4

Tetraplegia

Question 5

What is referred as complete paralysis of all or part of the trunk and both lower extremities resulting from a lesion of the thoracic or lumbar spine?

Answer 5

Paraplegia

Question 6

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 6

31

Question 7

What is defined as the most caudal level of the spinal cord with normal motor and sensory (light touch and pinprick) function on both the left and right sides of the body. Can have separate designations for motor and sensory?

Answer 7

Neurological level

Question 8

What is known as an incomplete lesion in which the most centrally located sacral tracts are spared with the first signs including perianal sensation and external anal sphincter contraction?

Answer 8

Sacral Sparing

Question 9

What injury is defined as having no sensory or motor function in the lowest sacral segments (S4 and S5), is determined by sensation, and anal sphincter contraction?

Answer 9

Complete Injury

Question 10

What injury is generally classified as having motor and/or sensory function below the neurological level including sensory and motor function at S4 and S5?

Answer 10

Incomplete Injury

Question 11

What are the areas of intact motor and/or sensory function below the neurological level termed?

Answer 11

Zones of Partial Preservation

Question 12

What ASIA Impairment is sensory but no motor function preserved below the neurological level and includes the sacral segments S4 to S5?

Answer 12

B=Incomplete

Question 13

What ASIA Impairment is motor function and is preserved below the neurological level, and less than half of key muscles below the neurological level have a muscle grade 3 or more?

Answer 13

C=Incomplete

Question 14

What ASIA Impairment is motor function and is preserved below the neurological level, and at half or more of the key muscles below the neurological level have a muscle grade of 3 or more?

Answer 14

D=Incomplete

Question 15

What ASIA Impairment is motor and sensory function normal?

Answer 15

E=Normal

Question 16

Where do the sacral segments start?

Answer 16

L1

Question 17

Which SCI presents with a hemisection of the spinal cord and is typically caused by penetrating sounds (gunshot or stab)? (Partial lesions occur more frequently; true hemisections are rare)

Answer 17

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Question 18

What SCI presents with paralysis (lateral corticospinal) and sensory loss (dorsal column) on same side, with sensory (spinothalalmic) on opposite side 2 segments below level of injury?

Answer 18

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Question 19

What SCI presents a lack of reflexes, lack of superficial reflexes, clonus, and a positive Babinski sign. Additionally there is a loss of proprioception, kinesthesia and vibratory sense.

Answer 19

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Question 20

Which SCI presents from flexion injuries of the cervical region, it results in damage to the anterior spinal arteries which feed the anterior 2/3’s of the cord?

Answer 20

Anterior Cord Syndrome

Question 21

Bulbo Cavernosus

Answer 21

A sign that shock is resolved

Question 22

What spinal level does Autonomic Dysreflexia occur in?

Answer 22

T6 and above ( above splahnic outflow)

Question 23

What Cord Syndrome is caused by hyperflexion injuries with impairments more motor UE than LE, and sensory less severe?

Answer 23

Central Cord Syndrome