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Critical Thinking/ Ethics PHI 2604 > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Philosophy

A

Love of wisdom

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2
Q

What makes one wise?

A

Knowledge

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3
Q

Epistemology

A

The study of Knowledge

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4
Q

Metaphysics

A

The study of Reality

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5
Q

Ethics

A

The study of Morality

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6
Q

Political Philosophy

A

The study of the State

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7
Q

Philosophy of Religion

A

The study of God’s existence

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8
Q

Aesthetics

A

The study of Beauty

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9
Q

Logic

A

The study of Thinking and Reason

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10
Q

How do we get Knowledge?

A

Empiricism or Rationalism

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11
Q

Empiricism

A

All knowledge comes from sense perception (Experience)

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12
Q

Rationalism

A

All knowledge comes from REASON and DEDUCTION

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13
Q

Examples of Empiricism

A

Senses: Hearing, Touch, Taste, Smell, Seeing, “Sixth sense”

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14
Q

Rationalist argument?

A

a video camera “see’s” but has no knowledge.

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15
Q

The Syllogism

A

An early form of Reasoning

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16
Q

What is a Syllogism

A

Argument composed of two statements called PREMISES that hopefully lead to a true conclusion. (A=B, C=A, Therefore C=B)

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17
Q

Critical Thinking

A

Cognitive skills and intellectual dispositions need to Identify, Analyze, and Evaluate arguments and truth claims.

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18
Q

Critical Thinking involves

A

Identifying (who is on phone), Analyze ( difference between parents voice), Evaluate (Dad; Deep voice)

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19
Q

Standards of Critical Thinking

A

Clarity, Precision, Accuracy, Relevance, Consistency, Logical correctness, Completeness, Fairness

20
Q

Clarity

A

Understanding clearly in language and thought

21
Q

Precision

A

Insisting on EXACT answers to EXACT questions.

22
Q

Accuracy

A

Decisions based on true and timely information

23
Q

Relevance

A

Recognizing issues are pertinent to topic

24
Q

Consistency

A

to be true, beliefs must be logically and practically consistent.

25
Q

Logical correctness

A

Draw well-founded conclusions from premises

26
Q

Completeness

A

deep and thorough thinking

27
Q

Fairness

A

Open-minded, impartial, and without bias and preconceptions

28
Q

Benefits of Critical Thinking in class

A

Understand material, evaluate what we learn, develop arguments on topics

29
Q

Benefits of Critical Thinking : Work

A

Think, Communicate, quick learner, creativity, gather and analyze, Draw the right conclusions

30
Q

Benefits of Critical Thinking in Life

A

Avoid foolish decisions ( purchases, relationships), knowledge of current events, Brings enrichment ( question things such as women are inferior to men, diseases are caused by demons.)

31
Q

Egocentrism

A

see the world and reality as centered around oneself (Trump)

32
Q

Egocentrics (Egoists)

A

self absorbed; view their ideas, and interests above others

33
Q

Self-interested thinking

A

Accept and defend beliefs that harmonize with one’s self interest ( benefits me; its good)

34
Q

Superiority Bias

A

Tendency to overrate oneself

35
Q

Socio-centrism

A

Group-centered thinking; focuses exclusively on the group

36
Q

Group bias

A

see one’s own group (nation, tribe) as being inherently better than others

37
Q

Conformism

A

follow the crowd ( to conform to authority or group standards of conduct and belief)

38
Q

Unwarranted Assumptions

A

Taking something for granted without good reason ( assuming someone is attracted to you because you like them.)

39
Q

Stereotypes

A

Assumptions made when making hasty generalizations

40
Q

Relativistic Thinking

A

Truth is a matter of opinion

41
Q

Subjectivism

A

Truth is a matter of individual opinion; absolute truth doesn’t exist

42
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

Truth is a matter of social or cultural opinion; absolute truth doesn’t exist.

43
Q

Wishful Thinking

A

Believing in something because you wish it to be true

44
Q

What is the most common form of relativism

A

Moral relativism

45
Q

Moral subjectivism

A

Whatever is right and good for one individual is what is right.

46
Q

Cultural moral relativism

A

Each society can hold a different view of morality and they can both be correct. ( when in Rome, do as the Romans do)

47
Q

What are problems with Cultural Moral Relativism?

A
  • Impossible to criticize other cultures
  • Impossible to criticize own society
  • Rules out Moral progress
  • Leads to conflicting Moral duties

Critical Thinking/ Ethics PHI 2604 (3 decks)

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