Q3 Flashcards
Ethics
A principle or set of principles upon which morality is based.
Example of Ethics
WHY is it wrong to kill. (ten commandants)
Morality
A set of fundamental moral rules that guide our actions
What is the purpose of Moral Reasoning
To choose the best MORAL action.
What makes some actions morally better than others?
What matters to us the most ( WHAT WE VALUE)
Example of “Anti-Ethics”
Emotivism
Emotivism
All moral judgments are OPINIONS or expressions of EMOTIONS.
Emotivism beliefs
No moral judgement can be TRUE or FALSE
Ethical Relativism believe (Morality relative to…)?
The view that morality is relative to Cultural Relativism, and Individual Relativism.
Cultural Relativism
The society we live in.
Example of Cultural Relativism
Hand shaking (US) vs Bowing (JP)
What is Ethical Relativism?
The DENIAL of ABSOLUTE Moral truths. (Based on Culture and Individual)
Example of Absolute Morals
No matter what, obey 10 commandments
Individual Relativism
What is right/wrong depends on who is involved and what situation.
Examples of Individual Relativism
EGOism and HEDONism
EGOism
Good is what is good for me.
HEDONism
Good is what is PLEASURABLE; bad is what is PAINFUL.
Example of Hedonism
Flowers grow toward sunlight
Example of ANTI Hedonism
The ant and the Grasshopper
Principle of Utilitarianism
an action that is right if Happiness > Pain FOR EVERYONE AFFECTED.
Act Utilitarianism ( Bentham)
Decides right/ wrong BEFORE EVERY action.
Rule Utilitarianism (Mill)
Apply the principle of utility to RULES rather than individual actions
Summary of IMMANUAL KANT Ethics
Respect for persons
The only thing truly good is a good will
Kant’s Ethics (reasons for actions)
Never use other people merely as a means to your own ends
Kant’s Ethics (Manipulating someone for your benefit )
Determine what is right and wrong by applying the action as a UNIVERSAL RULE
Kants Ethics (Murder is based on individual opinions)
