Quiz 1 Flashcards
Values for potassium
3.5 mEq/L – 5.0 mEq/L
Values for calcium
8.2 mg/dL – 10.2 mg/dL
Values for specific gravity
1.002 - 1.025
Normal urinary output daily output is
1.5L or 30mL per hour for an adult
What is QSEN
QSEN quality and safety education for nurses addresses the challenge of preparing future nurses with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) necessary to continuously improve the quality and safety of the healthcare systems within which they work. Includes ISBAR
Achieving professional maturity
Be a life-long learner, identify the latest best practices and keep skills current, show self-confidence, be a part of the healthcare team
Assessment/interventions for hyponatremia
Vomiting, diarrhea, tachycardia, tremors, seizure or come, change in B/P, postural hypotension, weakness, mental status change. Interventions monitor intake and output, weight, edema, LOC, VS, and labs, restrict fluids, administer diuretics/steroids
Assessment for fluid overload
bounding pulse, elevated blood pressure, respiratory changes, edema, increased urine output, weight gain, jugular distention, nausea, hyponatremia, confusion, heart failure, muscle cramping, lethargy
Adult leaning processes
adults expect to assume responsibility, must take part in the planning and assessment of their own education, experience guides responses, are more focused on the immediate problems, and is problem-oriented.
Safety R/T hypokalemia
muscle weakness, fatique, leg cramps, shallow respirations, weak irregular pulse, bradycardia, mental status changes, cardiac dysrhythmia and arrest
Safety R/T hypermagnesemia
causes flushing, lowered BP, depressed and shallow respirations, nausea, vomiting, hypoactive relexes, drowsiness, muscle weakness, ECG changes, dysrhythmias. s/s hypotention, lethargy, skeletal muscle weakness, respiratory failure, cardiac dysrhythmia and arrest. May lead to renal failure
Diet R/T sodium
pizza, canned veggies, canned soup, salty snacks, prepared foods
Diet R/T potassium
sweet & regular potato, beet greens, Yogurt, prune juice, soybeans, bananas, oranges/juice, apricots, artichokes, avacados, beer
normal range for magnesium
1.6 - 2.6 mg/dL
normal range for phosphorus
2.5 – 4.5 mg/dL
What is the role of sodium?
- maintain concentration and volume of ECF
- main cation in ECF
- determines osmolality of ECF
- maintains irritability and fx of nerve
- assists in regulating acid-base rx
What is the role of potassium?
- Primary intracellular cation
- Vital role in cell metabolism
- Balances Na in extracellular fluids (ECF)
- Promotes transmission & conduction of nerve impulses and contraction of skeletal, cardiac & smooth muscles
What is the role of calcium?
- Proper function of excitable tissues, especially cardiac muscle.
- Adequate blood clotting
- Structural support to bones and teeth
What is the role of magnesium?
- Involved in both carbohydrate and protein metabolism
- Important in neuromuscular function
- Acting peripherally to produce vasodilatation and decreased peripheral resistance
- Calcium and magnesium work together – so an imbalance in magnesium will usually be accompanied by an imbalances in calcium
what is the normal range for sodium?
135-145 mEq/dL
What are the manifestations of hyperkalemia?
- cardiac changes and dysrhythmias
- muscle weakness with potential respiratory impairment
- paresthesias
- anxiety
- GI manifestations
- death
What are the manifestations of hypocalcemia
- tetany
- circumoral numbness
- paresthesias
- hyperactive DTRs
- Trousseau’s sign
- Chovstek’s sign
- seizures
- respiratory symptoms of dyspnea and laryngospasm
- abnormal clotting
- anxiety
What is trousseau’s sign?
spasming of arm with inflated bp cuff
What is Chovstek’s sign?
flicking of the face causes muscle spasms
What are the manifestations of hypercalcemia?
-muscle weakness
-incoordination
-anorexia
-constipation
-nausea and vomiting
-abdominal and bone pain
-polyuria
-thirst
-ECG changes
-dysrhythmias.
Complication – renal/urinary calculi (stones)
What are the manifestations of hypomagnesemia
- neuromuscular irritability(Trousseau’s & Chvostek’s sign)
- muscle weakness
- tremors
- athetoid movements
- ECG changes and dysrhythmias
- alterations in mood (apathy & depression) and level of consciousness (delirium, confusion, hallucinations)
