Quiz 1 Flashcards
Determinism is the doctrine that all events
Are caused
This describes events that occur with great regularity
Law
At a daycare center a researcher asks children to list their five favorite toys from most favorite to least favorite what level of measurement is represented in this example?
Ordinal
Consider the following research title: cooperation among nursery school children under two types of instruction. In this study the independent variable is
Type of instruction
A test that measures the theoretical concept that it was designed to test has this type of validity
Construct
Which of the following potential threats to internal validity is a researcher concerned about when he asks, was the subject dropout rate during the course of the study equal across the various conditions or more pronounced in certain treatment groups?
Mortality
A within subjects experiment is one in which each subject
Experiences all conditions and serves as a his own control
When an experimenter knows what the results of an experiment should be, it is possible for the results to be unintentionally influenced. This is an example of
Experimenter bias
What is the main purpose of matching
To reduce initial differences between experimental and control groups on the dependent variable
Define the concept of Internal validity and external validity. Discuss why increasing one type tends to decrease the other type.
A study has internal validity when it shows evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between independent and dependent variables; the independent variable actually caused the dependent variable to change.
A study has external validity if the results of the experiment can be generalized other situations are populations
Increasing one type tends to decrease the other type because by increasing the amount of control of external or extraneous factors in an experiment, you can increase the internal validity, but with more control experiments can become more artificial and be less generalizable to others situations, so the external validity would decrease
Provide an example of each of the following types of validity of measurement: construct validity, content validity, criterion validity
Construct validity: a test that measures childhood depression should include tests directly related to depression, such as anxiety scales, self-reports about mood, parent/caregiver reports about the child’s mood, and other psychological depression tests. The test should not measure something unrelated to childhood depression, such as creativity. It should not measure unrelated constructs such as a child’s math ability. It should be useful in predicting results related to childhood depression, such as whether or not the child is suicidal or whether the child would benefit from counseling
Consider the following statement, if negative emotions cause aggression, and frustration induces negative emotion, then frustration must cause aggression. Which of the following ways of knowing does this statement illustrate?
Logic
