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Anatomy > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Appendicular region: Which body parts make up the Lower limb? (7)

A
  1. Coxal (hip)
  2. Femoral (thigh)
  3. Pattelar (knee)
  4. Popliteal (back of knee)
  5. Crural (leg)
  6. Sural (calf)
  7. Fibular of peroneal (back of calf)
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2
Q

Structure: paried cylindrical bodies, each composed of nine triplets of microtubules

A

Centrioles: organize a microtubule network during mitosis to form the spindle and asters; form the bases of cilia and flagella

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3
Q

Structure: dense spherical (non-membrane-bounded) bodies

A

Nuleoli: site of ribosome subunit manufacture

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4
Q

Structure: Protein fibers; composition varies

A

Intermediate filaments: the stable cytoskeletal elements; resist tension forces acting on the cell

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5
Q

Serosae associated with the lungs

A

Pleura

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6
Q

(5)

A

Umbilical region

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7
Q

Structure: Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes

A

Peroxisomes: The enzymes detoxifiy a number of toxic substances; the most importnat enzyme, catalase, breaks down hydogren peroxide

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8
Q

The four types of tissues (and their main purpose) are:

A
  1. epithelial: covering
  2. connective: support
  3. muscle: movement
  4. nervous: control
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9
Q

This theory of aging proposes that aging is programmed into our genes. The best evidence for this theory involvees telomeres, strutures that limit the maximum number of times cells can divide.

A

Genetic theory of aging

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10
Q

Which cell fights disease?

A

Macrophage (a phagocytic cell): the lysosomes within the cell digest the infectious microorganisms it takes up.

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11
Q

The parietal serosa is like the inner balloon wall

A

visceral serosa

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12
Q

What is the organelle and function?

Structure: Dense particles consisted of two subunits, each composed of ribosomal RNA and protein; free or attached to rough ER.

A

Ribosomes: the sites of protein synthesis

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13
Q

Appendicular region: which body parts make up the upper limb (6)

A
  1. Acromial (shoulder)
  2. Brachial (arm)
  3. Antecubital (inner elbow)
  4. Olecranal (back of elbow)
  5. Antebrachial (forearm)
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14
Q

The Dorsal Body Cavity is subdivided into the:

A

Cranial Cavity and Vertebral Cavity

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15
Q

Which type of cell?

This cell carries the respiratory gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Its concave disc shape provides extra surface area for the uptake of respiratory gases. This steamlined shape also allows the cell to flow easily through the bloodstream. So much oxygen-carrying pigment is packed in erythrocytes that all other organelles have been shed to make room.

A

Erythrocyte (red blood cell)

Note: they also have lots of extracellular space

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16
Q

The seternoclavicular joint holds what in place?

A

The left appendicular region (left arm)

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17
Q

Many organs in the abdominopelvic cavity are surrounded by which cavity

A

Peritoneal cavity

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18
Q

Appendicular region: which body parts make up the Manus (hand)? (4)

A

Pollex (thumb)

Metacarpal (back of hand)

Palmar (Palm)

Digital (fingers)

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19
Q

Orientation and Directional term: Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

A

Distal

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20
Q

Anatomical Position and Regional Term: Cervical: what does it stand for?

A

Neck

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21
Q

What does the thoracic region include? (3)

A

Sternal, Axillary, Mammary

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22
Q

Which type of cell?

The shape of these cells allows the maximum number of epithelial cells to be packed together in a sheet. This cell has abundant intermediate filaments that resist tearing when it is rubbed or pulled. Some of these cells are gland cells, with an abundant rough ER, Golgi apparatus, and secretory granules

A

Epithelial cells

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23
Q

Which parts does the back (dorsal) region include? (6)

A

Scapular, Vertebral, Lumbar, Sacral, Gluteal, Perineal (between anus and external genitalia)

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24
Q

The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into which two parts

A

(a) the superior part called the abdominal cavity (liver, stomach, kidneys, and other organs) (b) the inferior part, or pelvic cavity (bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum).

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25
Q

Which type of cell?

The elongated shape of this cell extends along the cablelike fibers that it secretes. It also has an abundant rough ER and a large Golgi apparatus to make and secrete the protein components of these fibers.

A

Fibroblast

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26
Q

Structure: Rodlike, double-membrane structures; inner membrane folded into projections called cristae

A

Mitochondira: Site of ATP synthesis; powerhouse of the cell

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27
Q

This theory of cellular aging proposes that free radicals are primarlily the by-products of normal cellular metabolism, although they also form in rsponse to external insults, such as radiation and chemical pollutants. **Free radicals build up and progressively damage the essential cell molecules. **

A

Free radical theory

28
Q

Orientation and Directional term: Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limg to the body trunk

A

Proximal

29
Q

Structure: Fine filaments of the contractile protein actin

A

Microfilaments: involved in muscle contraction and other types of intracellular movement; help form the cell’s cytoskeleton

30
Q

Anatomical position and regional term: Cephalic, what does it stand for and what 5 features does it include?

A

Head; Frontal (forehead), orbital (eyes), Nasal (nose), Oral (mouth), Mental (chin)

31
Q

(8)

A

Hypogastric (pubic) region

32
Q

Serosae associated with the abdominal viscera

A

Peritoneum

33
Q

The thoracic cavity has three parts:

A

(a) two lateral parts, each containing a lung surrounded by a pleural cavity and (b) a central band of organs called the **mediastinum. **

34
Q

The Ventral Body Cavity has two main divisions:

A

(1) a superior thoracic cavity surounded by the ribs and the muslces of the chest wall and (2) an inferior abdominopelvic cavity surrounded by the abdominal walls and pelvic girdle

35
Q

(7)

A

Right iliac (ingunial) region

36
Q
A

Frontal Plane

37
Q

Which cells store nutrients? What creates the sherical shape?

A

Fat cells: the shape is produced by a large lipid droplet in its cytoplasm

38
Q

Structure: Membrane system encolosing a cavity, the cisterna, and coiling through the cytoplasm; externally studded with ribosomes

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum: Makes proteins that are secreted from the cell; makes the cell’s membranes

39
Q

Which types of cells connect body parts or cover and line organs? (3)

A

Fibroblast, Erythrocyte (red blood cell) and Epithelial cell

40
Q
A

Median (midsagittal) plane

41
Q

(2)

A

Epigastric Region

42
Q

(3)

A

Left hypocondriac region

43
Q

Which cells produce movment and move body parts?

What are they filled with and why?

A

Skeletal muscle and smooth muscle cells: These cells are elongated and filled with abundant actin and myosin filaments, so they can shorten forcefully.

44
Q

Structure: Membranous system of sacs and tubules; free of ribosomes

A

Smooth ER: site of lipid and steroid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detoxificiation

45
Q

Structure: A stack of smooth membrane sacs close to the nucleus

A

Golgi apparatus: Packages, modifies, and segregates proteins for secretion from the cell, inclusion in lysosomes, and incorporation into the plasma membrane

46
Q

What are the three types of endocytosis (when particles and macromolecules enter cells)?

A
  1. phagocytosis (cell-eating)
  2. pinocytosis (“cell-drinking”)
  3. receptor-mediated endocytosis (see picture)
47
Q

Weeks 9-38 (or birth)

A

Fetal Period

48
Q

The mediastinum contains which organ surrounded by which cavity

A

The heart surrounded by a pericardial cavity

49
Q
A

Transverse Plane

50
Q

The part of the serosa that forms the outwer wall of the cavity is called the

A

parietal serosa

51
Q

Appendicular region includes the:

A

limbs (arms and legs)

52
Q

This theory of cellular aging states that a decrease in energy production by free-radical damaged mitochondria weakens and ages the cell. They run out of energy

A

Mitochondrial theory of aging

53
Q

(9)

A

Left iliac (inguinal) region

54
Q

What does the abdominal region include?

A

Umbilical

55
Q

(6)

A

Left lumbar region

56
Q

(4)

A

Right lumbar region

57
Q

Appendicular region: Which body part make up the pedal (foot)? (6)

A
  1. Tarsal (ankle)
  2. Calcaneal (back heel)
  3. Metatarsal (back of the foot)
  4. Digital (toes)
  5. Hallux (big toe?)
58
Q

Sructure: granular, threadlike material composed of DNA and histone proteins

A

Chromatin: DNA constitues the genes

59
Q

Structure: Membranous sacs containing acid hydolases

A

Lysosome: site of intracellular digestion

60
Q

Which parts does the cephalic region include? (2)

A

Otic, Occipital (back of head)

61
Q

First 8 week postfertilization

A

Embroynic Period

62
Q

Serosae associated with the heart

A

Pericardium

63
Q

Structure: cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins

A

Microtubules: support the cell and give it shape; involved in intracellular and cellular movements; form centrioles

64
Q

(1)

A

Right hypocondriac region

65
Q

Structure: double-membrane structure; pierced by the pores; continuous with the cytoplasmic ER

A

Nuclear envelope: separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm and regulates passage of substances to and from the nucleus.

66
Q

Axial region includes the:

A

Trunk, head and neck

Anatomy (7 decks)

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