Quiz 1-3

Question 1

Somatic Cells divide by _______________________ whereas germ cells divide by ________________.

Answer 1

• Mitosis
• Meiosos

Question 2

During protein synthesis, the nucleus sends a message to the cytoplasm via __________.

Answer 2

mRNA

Question 3

How many chromosomes does a human somatic cell have? ___________________

Answer 3

46

Question 4

The two nucleic acid molecules in the cell are_____________ and ____________.

Answer 4

RNA

DNA

Question 5

What are the three major functions of water within the cell?

Answer 5

Keep cell shape

Regulate temp

Transport nutrients

Question 6

______________: term used to describe organized and controlled cell death

Answer 6

Apoptosis

Question 7

term used to describe process that keeps cell death from occurring due to swelling or collapsing.

Answer 7

osmotic pressure

Question 8

List three characteristics of malignant cells

Answer 8

Invade nearby tissue

poorly differetiated

Uncontrolled proliferaton

Question 9

Describe the difference between direct and indirect ionization in a cell

Answer 9

Direct - Directly involves the DNA

Indirect - is boding of ions and free radicals

Question 10

Complete the following based on the 5 basic interactions of matter

Interaction of radiation in cells is based upon ________
Energy is deposited _________
Visible changes in the cell are _________
The energy is deposited ____________ in the cell
Biological changes occur only after a period of time termed __________

Answer 10

1- chance

2 - quickly

3 - not unique

4 - randomy

5 - latent period

Question 11

Which is the most lethal type of DNA damage, why? (most point will be provided based upon the explanation)

Answer 11

Double strand, because disrupt the structural integrity of the chromosome

Question 12

Identify two consequences to chromosomes

Question 13

The initial cell survival curves were created with what types of cells?

Answer 13

HeLa cells

Question 14

Cells were deemed more radiosensitive if they were:

a. __________________________

b. __________________________

Answer 14

Actively dividing

rapidly growing or proliferating

Question 15

What does the mitotic overshoot represent?

Answer 15

The cells that overcome radiation

Question 16

Which of these responses happen at the highest dose?

Answer 16

Interphase death (10Gy or 1000cgy)

Question 17

Which of these responses happen at the lowest dose?

Answer 17

Division delay (.3gy or 300cgy)

Question 18

Identify two consequences to chromosomes

Answer 18

• Acentric Fragments
• Dicentric Fragments