Quiz 1-3

Question 1

evidence supporting origination of chloroplasts from photosynthetic bacteria

Answer 1

use of two linked photosystems to capture electrons from water
similarities in DNA of each chromosome
similar organisation of photosynthetic membranes

Question 2

origin of eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

ancient eukaryotic cells resembling archael cells acquired symbiotic bacteria that eventually took up permanent residence to become mitochondria

Question 3

why do mitochondria and chloroplasts have small genomes

Answer 3

over time much of their dna has migrated to the host nucleus

Question 4

evidence that mitochondria evolved before chloroplasts

Answer 4

all eukaroytes have mitochondria but not all have chloroplasts

Question 5

what do translation initiation conmplexes recognise and bind to

Answer 5

5’ cap

Question 6

what makes up chromatin

Answer 6

DNA, RNA, associated proteins

Question 7

what happens in RNA editing

Answer 7

enzymes change base sequence of primary transcript and therefore the protein for which it codes

Question 8

effect of methylated cytosines

Answer 8

bind to enzymes that cause the removal of acetyl groups from histones, causing it to coil more tightly

Question 9

in the shotgun approach to genome sequencing, where do the sequenced fragments originate from

Answer 9

random sites scattered across the genome

Question 10

steps of genome sequencing in order

Answer 10

breaking dna into small fragments
sequence dna
matching regions of overlap
correct order
reconstruct long sequence of nucleotides from smaller order fragments

Question 11

if a promoter undergoes an inversion what happens to the expression of a gene

Answer 11

wont be expressed