Genetic markers

Question 1

what is a genetic marker

Answer 1

some feature in the genome that allows us to differentiate between different alleles

Question 2

reduced representation methods

Answer 2

measure variation at intervals instead of sequencing the entire genome

Question 3

why isnt all variation reflected in marker differences

Answer 3

copy number variation

Question 4

copy number variation

Answer 4

microduplications/segments of the genome that are identical sequences that are not detected in traditional sequencing methods . can create phenotypic variation

Question 5

allozymes

Answer 5

assay protein variation
Allelic variants of enzymes
Differ in electric charge, which affects
migration through an electric field
Detected with enzyme-specific stain
People noticed there was massive variation in the same protein across
different individuals

Question 6

restriction fragment length polymorphism

Answer 6

undegraded DNA cut into fragments using restriction enzymes which cut at a specific recognition site
fragments differ in length due to differences in number of large DNA repeats (variable number tandem repeats)

Question 7

microsatellite loci

Answer 7

short tandem repeats
highly polymorphic due to high mutation rate, high variation
alleles differ in number of repeats

Question 8

more repeats=_____ distance on gel

Answer 8

shorter

Question 9

why do microsatellite loci have high rates of mutation

Answer 9

New alleles generated by replication errors caused by slippage