Quiz 1 Flashcards
Peripheral Nervous System
sensory and motor nerves outside of the brain and spinal chord/ CNS
Autonomic Nervous System
part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the heart, intestines and other organs; involuntary
Parasympathetic Nervous System
nerves that facilitate vegetative, nonemergency responses by the body’s organs; “rest + digest”
Central Nervous System
the brain and the spinal chord w/ the retina of the human eye
Hypothalamus
small area near the base of the brain, ventral (under) to the thalamus; regulates endocrine system & controls most vital functions (sleep, HR, eating, etc.)
Nerve
A set of axons in the periphery, either from the CNS to a muscle or gland from a sensory organ to the CNS
Clinical Neuroscience
the study of brain and nervous system disorders, and the development of new treatments for them
Endorphin
transmitters that attach to the same receptors as morphine in the pituitary gland
Neurotransmitter
chemicals released by neurons that affect other neurons agonists and antagonists
Action Potential
all or none messages sent by axon
Neuropeptide
influence ongoing synaptic activity; enhancing or impeding neurotransmission
Prefrontal Cortex
anterior portion of the frontal lobe, which responds mostly to the sensory stimuli that signal the need for movement
What are the names of the four lobes of the cortex? (Where are they located?)
1) Frontal lobe (thumb)
2) Parietal Lobe (ring and middle)
3) Temporal Lobe (side)
4) Occipital lobe (pinky)
What lobe controls fine movement?
The frontal lobe
Which lobe is responsible for vision?
Occipital Lobe
Which lobe contributes to hearing, complex processes of vision and processing of emotional information?
Temporal Lobe
Which lobe processes body sensation?
Parietal Lobe
What are the 4 types of neurons?
-sensory
-motor
-communication
-computation (network eg. brain)
What do sensory neurons do?
carry signals from the outer parts of the body to the CNS
What do motor neurons do?
carry signals from the CNS to outer parts (muscles/glands)
What do communication neurons do?
sends signals from one brain area to another
What do computation neurons do?
extract + process information from sense (compare to stored info in memory)
What are the 3 major parts of a neuron?
-Dendrites
-Axon
-Axon Terminal
What are afferent nerves?
Access (bring info towards); carry signals to the brain for the sensory organs
Efferent nerves bring?
Exit (bring info away); transmit impulses from brain to muscles or glands
What is the resting potential?
When the neuron fires, the RP changes and the cell becomes DEPOLARIZED moving signals down axons to terminal buttons and releasing into adjacent extracellular space/synapse.; ~-70mV
What is Activation Potential?
AP is an explosion of electric activity created by a depolarizing current (message sent by axons).
What are neurotransmitters associate with?
NT are primarily associated with the synapse and synaptic cleft.
What are neuromodulators?
Substances that modify or regulates the effect of neurotransmitters; important for hunger or thirst
Somatic Nervous System
a part of the PNS controls voluntary movements
What does the spinal chord do?
communicates with all sense organs and muscles except those of the head
Sympathetic Nervous System
a part of the autonomic nervous system; “fight of flight”
What does the hippocampus do?
forms, organizes, stores memory; lies beneath the medial temporal cortex & between thalamus & cerebral cortex
What is the thalamus?
main source of input to the cerebral cortex; separate left and right structures located in the center of the midbrain
Neocortex
“new” brain; outer part of the brain associated with intelligence
Frontal lobe
fine movement, spacial association
What is sensory aphasia?
inability to understand language, but can produce sounds
What is Bocca’s area?
speech control center; damage=motor aphasia
Define the Binding Problem.
how does the brain put together all the signals? Still unknown, theory is that it is broken into senses
agonist
a drug that increases synapse activity
antagonist
a drug that decreases synapse activity
