Final Exam Flashcards
Jet Lag
a disruption of circadian rhythms due to crossing time zones
Brain death
no sign of brain activity and no response to any stimulus
Narcolepsy
a condition characterized by frequent periods of sleepiness during the day
The Activation-Synthesis Dream Hypothesis
a dream represents the brain’s effort to make sense of sparse and distorted info
The Neurocognitive Dream Hypothesis
regards dreams as thinking that takes place under unusual conditions; iow brain generates images from nonsense/no context info from organs during sleep from internal/external stimuli–> hallucinatory perception
What is emotion?
cognition (thoughts), feelings and actions
Pure autonomic failure
condition when output from the autonomic nervous system to the body fails
Manic Episode
an period of restless activity, excitement, laughter, excessive self-confidence, rambling speech and loss of inhibitions
Craving
an insistent search for something
Empathy
the ability to identify with other people and share their experience almost as if it were one’s own
Delusion
unjustifiable beliefs
Amnesia
memory loss
Schizophrenia
a split between the emotional and intellectual aspects of experience; characterized by a mix hallucination, delusions, and disorganized thinking and behavior
Positive symptoms
behaviors present that should be absent
Hallucinations
false sensory experiences
If a patient has delusional beliefs can they still have them even if they’re show evidence of the contrary?
Yes
Which area of the brain inhibits/modifies the amygdala’s response to potential threatening stimuli?
the prefrontal cortex
Anterograde amnesia vs retrograde amnesia
Anterograde: inability to form memories AFTER brain damage
Retrograde: loss of memory for events that occurred BEFORE brain damage
Where does light from the right side of the world strike?
left side; from left–> right; from top–> bottom, from bottom–> top
Why are behavioral symptoms of schizophrenia not apparent until later in life?
A prime area of damage is the prefrontal cortex, which matures very slowly.
What do Natural Killer Cells attack?
ALL intruders (tumors, viruses, bacteria)
What are some examples of negative symptoms?
Algia (speaking), flat affect (emotion)
What is an example of positive symptoms?
catatonic behavior, delusions & hallucinations
What are the effects of stress on the immune system?
Brief stress activates the immune system, prolonged stress weakens it
What is the most seriously impaired in patients with dyslexia?
the ability to remember sequences and temporal order of sounds
What is a common cognitive symptom of schizophrenia?
-interpreting things too literally
-understanding and using abstract concepts
-difficulties with attention
-memory impairments
Patients with schizophrenia may not qualify for a diagnosis because of?
Drug abuse, brain damage and other conditions need to be ruled out
Which behavior is most suggestive of schizophrenia?
-delusions/hallucinations
What is the difference between BPI and BPII
BPI: full fledged manic episodes
BPII: mild or hypomanic episodes (shorter)
Why do infections products similar symptoms/effects (fever, loss of energy, sleepiness)?
because cytokines send prostaglandins to the brain
Patients with schizophrenia typically show…
reduced white matter in the brain
Sue is experiencing inanimate objects talking to them for the past 8mths. No sign of drugs/alcohol abuse. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Schizophrenia
Tom witnessed a murder and is experiencing nightmares and insomnia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
PTSD
What is activity of the left hemisphere associated with?
logical side (math, language, analytic processing); controls right side of the body
What is the right hemisphere associated with?
creativity, controls left side of the body
What happened to the change in circadian rhythym of submarine workers?
Even though they try to maintain an 18hr day schedule, their body generate alertness matching a 24 hr cycle
What is the loss of language ability called?
Aphasia
Define psychoneuroimmunology.
the study of the ways in which experiences, especially stressful ones, alter the immune system and how the immune system influences the central nervous system
Brocca’s aphasia leads to difficulty…
producing speech (limited language to short speech)
What is the function of working memory?
to store information while we are working with it
True or false: Damage to the prefrontal cortex leads to impairment making decisions and emotional processing.
True
True or false: The limbic system is regarded as non-critical for emotion.
False
Which drug is a strong agonist?
one with high affinity and high efficacy
What is a common therapy for SAD?
bright light
What are the names of the two autonomous NS subdivisions?
Sympathetic (emergency responses), parasympathetic (rest & digest)
True or false: startle responses are greater in already anxious p’s.
True
What area of the brain is key for learned fears?
Amygdala
True or false: Stress activates the sympathetic nervous system and the HPA axis responds slowly, but can persist as long as necessary.
TRUE
Can leukocytes destroy tumor/viral cells?
Yes
Which cells attack a particular kind of antigen?
B Cells
Wernickle’s aphasias
speech disorder where p is unaware that the words produced are incorrect or nonsensical
