Quiz 1 Flashcards
A client in her second trimester is receiving prenatal counseling about folic acid. Why is folic acid crucial during pregnancy?
A. To prevent neural tube defects.
B. To prevent gestational diabetes.
C. To enhance fetal respiratory development.
D. To reduce the risk of anemia in the mother.
Answer: A
Rationale: Folic acid is essential in preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) like spina bifida. It is most effective if taken before conception and during the first trimester.
Which of the following clients would be most at risk for maternal mortality in the U.S.?
A. A 35-year-old African American woman with hypertension
B. A 25-year-old Caucasian woman with a previous history of cesarean section
C. A 30-year-old woman who has recently immigrated from Europe
D. A 28-year-old woman with gestational diabetes
Answer: A
Rationale: African American women in the U.S. experience higher rates of maternal mortality. Risk factors such as hypertension increase this risk further.
When educating a patient on combined oral contraceptives (COCs), which of the following statements indicates that more education is needed?
A. “I should take my pill at the same time every day.”
B. “If I miss a dose, I should double up the next day.”
C. “The pill will protect me against sexually transmitted infections.”
D. “I should avoid smoking while taking the pill.”
Answer: C
Rationale: COCs do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs); only barrier methods like condoms provide this protection.
A 22-year-old client is seeking contraception advice. She has a history of smoking and is concerned about the effectiveness of various birth control options. Which method is the safest for her?
A. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs)
B. Intrauterine device (IUD)
C. Transdermal patch
D. Vaginal ring
Answer: B
Rationale: Due to her smoking history, estrogen-containing methods (like COCs, the patch, or the ring) pose an increased risk of cardiovascular issues. The IUD is safer and highly effective.
A nurse is explaining the function of the ductus arteriosus in fetal circulation. What is its role?
A. To bypass the lungs by connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta.
B. To connect the right atrium to the left atrium.
C. To transport blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava.
D. To supply oxygenated blood directly to the brain.
Answer: A
Rationale: The ductus arteriosus allows blood to bypass the non-functioning fetal lungs by connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta.
Which hormone is responsible for maintaining the endometrium during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
A. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
B. Estrogen
C. Progesterone
D. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Answer: C
Rationale: Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation to maintain the endometrial lining, supporting potential implantation.
During prenatal genetic counseling, a couple learns they both carry an autosomal recessive gene for cystic fibrosis. What is the likelihood that their child will have cystic fibrosis?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 100%
Answer: B
Rationale: With autosomal recessive inheritance, there is a 25% chance the child will inherit both defective genes and have the disorder.
What is a priority nursing intervention for a client who has chosen an intrauterine device (IUD) as her contraceptive method?
A. Teach the client to check for IUD strings monthly.
B. Instruct the client to take it out every month.
C. Educate the client on daily dosing.
D. Inform the client that pregnancy tests are not needed with an IUD.
Answer: A
Rationale: Checking the IUD strings monthly ensures it is correctly positioned and helps identify if it has been expelled.
What are teratogens, and why are they important to understand in pregnancy care?
A. Substances that can cause fetal malformations or birth defects
B. Only medications that may affect the mother
C. Foods that are high-risk during pregnancy
D. Natural components in prenatal vitamins
Answer: A
Rationale: Teratogens are substances, like certain drugs and environmental factors, that can cause birth defects or developmental issues if the fetus is exposed.
A client in her first trimester has a positive test for Trisomy 21. What genetic condition does this indicate?
A. Trisomy 13
B. Trisomy 18
C. Down syndrome
D. Klinefelter syndrome
Answer: C
Rationale: Trisomy 21, or an extra copy of chromosome 21, results in Down syndrome.
In family-centered maternity care, what is a key nursing goal?
A. Encourage fathers to avoid participating in the birthing process.
B. Include family members in decision-making and care.
C. Ensure visitors are restricted after birth.
D. Focus on solely the mother’s needs.
Answer: B
Rationale: Family-centered care involves integrating family members into the care and decision-making process to provide support to the mother and newborn.
What role does the hormone estrogen play during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
A. Stimulates ovulation
B. Maintains the endometrial lining after ovulation
C. Promotes growth of the follicle in the ovary
D. Signals the corpus luteum to produce progesterone
Answer: C
Rationale: Estrogen levels rise during the follicular phase, helping develop the ovarian follicle and preparing for ovulation.
A client at 10 weeks of pregnancy is exposed to a known teratogen. The nurse understands that this is concerning because exposure to teratogens is particularly dangerous during which phase?
A. Postpartum phase
B. Pre-embryonic phase
C. Fetal phase
D.Embryonic phase
Answer: D
Rationale: The embryonic phase (weeks 3-8) is when organs are forming, making it the most vulnerable period for teratogenic effects.
When explaining cultural humility in maternity care, which action by the nurse best demonstrates this principle?
A. Using medical jargon to explain procedures
B. Educating the patient solely on the hospital’s birthing practices
C. Assuming the patient has similar views on childbirth
D. Asking the patient about her cultural beliefs regarding childbirth
Answer: D
Rationale: Cultural humility involves recognizing and respecting a patient’s beliefs and being open to understanding diverse cultural practices in care.
Which form of birth control would the nurse suggest as the most effective for a patient seeking long-term contraception?
A. Condoms
B. Intrauterine device (IUD)
C. Combined oral contraceptive pills
D. Withdrawal method
Answer: B
Rationale: IUDs are one of the most effective forms of long-term contraception, providing over 99% effectiveness.
A nurse is educating a patient on the primary level of prevention. Which intervention would the nurse include as an example of this?
A. Blood pressure screening during pregnancy
B. Educating on nutrition and exercise before conception
C. Managing diabetes complications postpartum
D. Providing physical therapy after a childbirth injury
Answer: B
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs, such as through health education on lifestyle factors before pregnancy.
Which fetal shunt connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the lungs?
A. Foramen ovale
B. Ductus arteriosus
C. Ductus venosus
D. Umbilical vein
Answer: B
Rationale: The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the fetal lungs.
A nurse explains that a child with Turner syndrome has which chromosomal abnormality?
A. Extra X chromosome in males (XXY)
B. Missing X chromosome in females
C. Trisomy 18
D. Trisomy 13
Answer: B
Rationale: Turner syndrome involves a missing X chromosome, commonly seen as XO in females, leading to various developmental issues.
In which phase of the menstrual cycle does a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) trigger ovulation?
A. Follicular phase
B. Ovulation
C. Luteal phase
D. Menstrual phase
Answer: B
Rationale: LH surge triggers ovulation, releasing the egg from the follicle into the fallopian tube.
Why is the corpus luteum important during the luteal phase?
A. It produces estrogen.
B. It produces progesterone to maintain the endometrium.
C. It releases FSH.
D. It triggers ovulation.
Answer: B
Rationale: The corpus luteum produces progesterone to maintain the endometrial lining, preparing for potential implantation.
