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AP 1 > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

define anatomy

A

the science of body structures and the relationships among them

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2
Q

define physiology

A

the science of body functions

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3
Q

6 levels of organization

A

chemical, cells, tissue, organs, systems, organisms

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4
Q

what makes up an organ

A

2 or more different tissue types

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5
Q

name the 11 body systems

A

muscular, urinary, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, skeletal, lymphatic, integumentary, nervous, cardiovascular

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6
Q

components of integumentary system

A

skin, hair, nails, sweat/oil glands

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7
Q

functions of integumentary system

A

protection, temperature regulation, waste elimination, vitamin D, sensory detection, fat storage, provides insulation

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8
Q

components of skeletal system

A

bones, joints and associated cartilages

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9
Q

functions of skeletal system

A

provides support for the body, surface for muscles to attach to, mineral and lipid storage, has cells that produce blood cells

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10
Q

components of muscular system

A

skeletal muscle tissue

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11
Q

functions of muscular system

A

movement, posture, produces heat

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12
Q

components of nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves, specific sense organs (eyes, ears)

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13
Q

functions of nervous system

A

action potential to regulate homeostasis, interprets changes and responds by causing muscular contraction and gland secretion

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14
Q

components of the endocrine system

A

hormone producing glands (pineal, hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes)

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15
Q

function of the endocrine system

A

regulates homeostasis via hormone release

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16
Q

components of cardiovascular system

A

heart, blood, blood vessels

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17
Q

functions of cardiovascular system

A

pumps blood; circulates O2 and nutrients throughout the body via blood throughout the body; carries out CO2 and wastes, regulates pH, temp, water, defence, repair

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18
Q

components of lymphatic system

A

lymph, lymph vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, cells for immune response (T and B cells)

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19
Q

functions of lymphatic system

A

returns proteins and fluid to blood, carries lipids, contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B and T cells

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20
Q

components of respiratory system

A

lungs and their passageways (pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes)

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21
Q

functions of respiratory system

A

transfers O2 from inhaled air to blood, transfers CO2 from blood to exhaled air, regulates pH, produces sound via air passing through larynx

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22
Q

components of digestive system

A

GI organs; mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, anus; includes accessory organs - salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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23
Q

functions of digestive system

A

chemical and physical breakdown of food, absorb nutrients, eliminate solid wastes

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24
Q

components of urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

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25
Q

functions of urinary system

A

produces, stores and eliminates urine; regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain pH, mineral balance, production of RBC

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26
Q

components of reproductive system

A

gonads and accessory organs

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27
Q

functions of reproductive system

A

produce gametes (sperm/oocytes), form new organisms, release hormones that regulate reproduction

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28
Q

characteristics of living organisms

A

metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction

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29
Q

metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical processes in the body

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30
Q

catabolism

A

the breakdown of chemical substances into simpler components

31
Q

anabolism

A

the building up of chemical substances from simpler components

32
Q

responsiveness (characteristic of living things)

A

the body’s ability to detect and respond to changes

33
Q

differentiation (characteristic of living things)

A

the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state (ex. stem cell to muscle cell)

34
Q

stem cells

A

cells that can divide and undergo differentiation to become many types of different cells

35
Q

reproduction (characteristic of living things)

A

formation of new cells for growth, repair or replacement, or the production of a new individual

36
Q

homeostasis

A

the condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body’s many regulatory processes

37
Q

which body systems regulate homeostasis

A

nervous and endocrine

38
Q

what are the 3 components of homeostasis that occur with a stimulus

A

receptor, control centre, effector

39
Q

negative feedback loop

A

when the response to a stimulus reverses the change that has disrupted homeostasis. ex. exercise causes BP to go up - negative feedback loop REVERSES this change by getting BP back to its set point (120/80)

40
Q

positive feedback loop

A

when the response enhances the stimulus that disrupted homeostasis, until the body reaches the terminus.

41
Q

disorder

A

any abnormality of function or structure

42
Q

what is the key difference between signs and symptoms

A

signs you can measure, symptoms you cannot. signs are objective and visible, symptoms are subjective

43
Q

epidemiology

A

science that deals with why, when, and where disease occur and how they are transmitted among individuals in a community

44
Q

medial abdominopelvic regions (superior to inferior)

A

epigastric region, umbilical region, hypogastric region

45
Q

lateral regions (superior to inferior) **note that the answer list 3 but there is a right side and left side so 6 regions total

A

left + right hypochondriac region, L + R lumbar region, L + R iliac region

46
Q

example of an organ found in left upper quadrant (LUQ)

A

spleen

47
Q

example of organs found in right upper quadrant (RUQ)

A

liver, gallbladder

48
Q

example of organ found in right lower quadrant (RLQ)

A

appendix

49
Q

example of organ found in left lower quadrant (LLQ)

A

sigmoid colon

50
Q

which landmark transversely divides the body into upper and lower quadrants

A

belly button

51
Q

2 types of body fluid

A

intracellular fluid (ICF) - found within cells and extracellular fluid (ECF) - found outside the cells

52
Q

types of extracellular fluid

A

interstitial fluid (between cells), blood plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, aqueous humor and vitreous body (eyes)

53
Q

dorsal body cavities

A

cranial and vertebral

54
Q

ventral body cavities

A

thoracic, abdominopelvic

55
Q

thoracic body cavities

A

pleural, pericardial, mediastinum

56
Q

abdominopelvic cavities

A

abdominal, pelvic

57
Q

what divides the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

A

diaphragm

58
Q

pleura

A

lung

59
Q

membrane

A

thin pliable tissue that covers, lines, partitions or connects structures

60
Q

serous membrane

A

covers walls and organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

61
Q

2 layers of serous membrane that are filled with serous fluid

A

parietal (lines the cavity) and visceral (covers the organ)

62
Q

3 serous membranes

A

pleura, pericardium, peritoneum

63
Q

pericardium

A

serous membrane that lines the chest wall and heart

64
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and viscera (organs)

65
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A

organs found within the abdominopelvic cavity that are within the parietal membrane, but do not have visceral membrane surrounding them

66
Q

what does the parietal pericardium line

A

the wall of the pericardial cavity

67
Q

what does the visceral pericardium line

A

the heart wall

68
Q

what does the mediastinum contain

A

tubes for the heart and lungs

69
Q

radiograph/x-ray

A

1st step in diagnostic imaging because it’s quick and cheap. good for bones, bad for soft tissues

70
Q

MRI

A

no radiation. good for bones and soft tissue. the gold standard because you can see everything all at once

71
Q

CT

A

can see bone and soft tissue very well, but not at the same time. has radiation, but less so than x-ray

72
Q

ultrasound

A

can look at tendons and soft tissue. difficult to read

73
Q
A

AP 1 (5 decks)

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