Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is the network of nerves located in the GI Tract?
Enteric nervous system
How many spinal nerves pairs do we have and name each category?
31 pairs
What are the motor neurons that carry neural impulses away from the central nervous system and towards muscles to cause movement?
(efferent)
What is the name of the sensory neurons that carry impulses from sensory stimuli towards the central nervous system?
(afferent)
Name the structural classes of Neurons.
axon, cell body, dendrites, axon terminals
- What supports, nourish, protect neuron and is critical for homeostasis?
Neuroglia
- What cell produces myelin around the PNS neurons?
Schwann cells
- What cells produces myelin around the CNS neuron?
Oligodendrocytes
- What cell produces CSF?
Ependymal
- What is a bundle of axons in the PNS called?
Ganglion
- What is a bundle of axons in the CNS called?
Nucleus
- What nervous system include cranial nerves, spinal nerves and sensory nerves?
Peripheral Nervous System
- What nervous system controls thoughts, emotions and memories?
Central Nervous System
- Named subcategories of Peripheral Nervous System?
1) Somatic nervous system (SNS)
2) Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
3) Enteric nervous system (ENS)
- What nervous system conveys information from sensory receptors of the head, body wall, and limbs and the receptors for special senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell) to Central Nervous System AND conduct motor impulses from Central Nervous System to skeletal muscles?
Somatic Nervous System
- What nervous system convey info from sensory receptors in visceral organs (stomach, lungs) to Central Nervous System AND conduct motor impulses from Central Nervous System to smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands?
Autonomic nervous system
- What nervous system is call “Brain of the Gut”, monitor chemical changes in the GI tract, stretching walls, regulate acid secretion and, endocrine cell secretions?
Enteric Nervous System “Brain of the gut”
- What are the meningeal layers?
three layers of connective tissue of the spinal cord
- What is the most outer meningeal layer?
Dura mater: Outer most layer; tough dense connective tissue
- What is the middle layer and resembles a spider web?
Arachnoid mater
- What is the inner layer, thin and delicate and adheres to surface of the spinal cord and brain?
Pia mater
- What tis the name of the space Cerebral Spinal Fluid travels?
Subarachnoid space
- What is the name of the two spinal cord grooves?
(a) Anterior median fissure
(b) Posterior median sulcus
- What axons does the Posterior (dorsal) root contains?
Sensory axons, which conduct nerve impulses from sensory receptors (afferent)
- What axons does the Anterior (Ventral) root contains?
Motor neurons (autonomic and somatic)
which conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to the effectors (efferent)
- What axons does the Posterior gray horn contains?
contains cell bodies and axons of interneurons as well as axons of incoming sensory neurons.
- What axons does the Anterior gray root contains?
contain cell bodies of somatic motor neurons that provide impulses for the contraction of muscles.
- What axons does the lateral gray root contains?
cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons that regulate the cardiac muscle,
smooth muscles and glands.
- What tract conducts nerves impulses towards the brain?
Sensory tract (ascending) tract
- What tract conducts nerves impulses away from the brain?
Motor (descending) tracts
- What are the two types of reflexes? Name them…
1) Spinal reflex: Simple (reflex arc) Example: Patellar reflex
2) Cranial reflex: Simple; occurs in the brainstem. Example: Gag reflex
- What plexus supplies upper limbs, some neck and shoulder muscles?
Brachial plexus c5-t1
- What plexus supplies posterior head, neck, upper part of the shoulder and the diaphragm?
Cervical Plexus c1-c5
- What plexus supplies buttocks, perineum and most of lower limbs?
Sacral Plexus L4-S4
- What plexus supplies abdominal wall, external genitals and part of the lower limbs?
Lumbar Plexus T12 to L5
- What percentage of oxygen does the brain requires?
20 percent
- What major vessels composed the circle of willis?
two internal carotid arteries
vertebral arteries
- Where is CSF produce?
choroid plexuses
- What are the components of Brain Stem?
Brain Stem
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
- What are the components of Diencephalon?
thalamus
hypothalamus - homoestatis
pineal gland-
- What is called “Little Brain”?
Cerebellum - motor control and motor memory
- What regulates breathing, heart rate and force and contains CN VIII-XII?
Medulla Oblongata
- What is called “Bridge”, connects left and right side of the cerebellum and contains CN V-VIII?
Pons
- What coordinates reflex center for the eye, head movement, auditory relay?
Midbrain
- What controls relay center, motor functions and consciousness?
Thalamus
- What controls homeostasis, pituitary gland, hormone production, body temperature, circadian rhythm?
Hypothalmus
- What secretes melatonin and promotes sleepiness?
Pineal Gland
- What controls smooth/coordinate skeletal muscle contraction, skilled motor activities, posture and balance?
Cerebellum
- What is called the “emotional brain”, play role in pain, pleasure, anger and affection?
Limbic System
- Name all CN that ONLY have Sensory functions?
olfactory nerve.
optic nerve.
vestibulocochlear nerve
- Name all the CN that ONLY have Motor function?
oculomotor nerve,
trochlear nerve
abducens nerve,
spinal accessory nerve
hypoglossal nerve.
- What CN test for superficial pain and touch sensation of the face and ability to clench the teeth?
CN V – Trigeminal nerve (sensory)
- What CN test for hearing and lateralization of sound?
CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear
