Quiz 1 Flashcards
FLACC
2 months- 7 years
-Pain rated on a scale of 0-10
-Assess the behaviors of the child
-Face, legs, activity, cry, consolability
FACES
3 years and older
-Pain rated on a scale of 0-5 using a diagram of six faces.
-Substitute 0,2,4,6,8,10 for 0-5 to convert to the 0-10 scale
-Explain each face to the child; ask the child to choose a face that describes how they are feeling
-0: none, 1: hurts a bit, 2: hurts a little more, 3: hurts even more, 4: hurts a whole lot, 5: hurts worst
Oucher
3 years-13 years
-Pain rated on a scale of 0-5 using a diagram of six photos.
-Substitute 0,2,4,6,8,10 for 0-5 to convert to the 0-10 scale
-0: none, 1: hurts a bit, 2: hurts a little more, 3: hurts even more, 4: hurts a whole lot, 5: hurts worst
Non-communicating children’s pain checklist
3 years and older
-Behaviors are observed for 10 min
-Six subcategories are each scored on a scale 0-3
0: not at all, 1: just a little, 2: fairly often, 3: very often
-Subcategories: vocal, facial, body and limbs, social, activity, physiological
-Cutoff score: 11 indicates moderate to severe pain, 6-10 indicates mild pain
trust vs. mistrust (birth to 1 year)
-Achieving this task is based on the quality of the caregiver-infant relationship and the care received by the infant
-The infant begins to learn delayed gratification. Failure to learn gratification leads to mistrust.
-Trust developed by meeting comfort, feeding, stimulation, and caring needs
-Mistrust develops if needs are inadequately or inconsistently met, or if needs are continuously met before being vocalized by the infant
autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1-3 years)
-Independence is paramount for toddlers, who are attempting to do everything for themselves
-Toddlers often use negativism, or negative responses, as they being to express their independence
-Ritualism, or maintaining routines and reliability, provides a sense of comfort for toddlers as they begin to explore the environment beyond those most familiar to them
initiative vs, guilt (3-6years)
-Preschoolers become energetic learners, despite not having all of the physical abilities necessary to be successful at everything
-Guilt can occur when preschoolers believe they have misbehaved or when they are unable to accomplish a task
-Guiding preschoolers to attempt activities within their capabilities while setting limits is appropriate
industry vs. inferiority (6-12 years)
-A sense of industry is achieved through development of skills and knowledge that allows the child to provide meaningful contributions to society
-A sense of accomplishment is gained through the ability to cooperate and compete with others
-Children should be challenged with tasks that need to be accomplished, and be allowed to work through individual differences in order to complete the task
-Creating systems that reward successful mastery of skills and tasks creates a sense of inferiority in children unable to complete the task or acquire the skills
-Children should be taught that not everyone will master every skill
identity vs. role confusion (12-20 years)
-Adolescents often try different roles and experiences to develop a sense of personal identity and come to view themselves as unique individuals
-Group identity: adolescents become part of a peer group that greatly influences behavior
Vaccination schedule
-Birth: Hep B
-2 Months: Hep B, DTaP, Hib, Polio, PCV, RV
-4 Months: DTaP, Hib, Polio, PCV, RV
-6 Months: Hep B, DTaP, Hib, Polio, PCV, RV (annual flu vac)
-12-18 Months: DTaP, Hib, PCV, MMR, Varicella, Hep A (annual flu vac)
-4-6 Years: DTaP, Polio, MMR, Varicella (annual flu vac)
Car seat safety
-Infants and toddlers remain in a rear-facing car seat until 2 years old or the height recommended by the manufacturer
-children should use an approved car restraint system until they achieve a height of 145cm (4ft, 9 inches), or 8-12 years
-when the forward seat is outgrown, the preschooler transitions to a booster seat
-teach children appropriate seat belt use when no longer using the car restraint system or booster seat
-Safest place for child is the back seat
Car seat safety
-Infants and toddlers remain in a rear-facing car seat until 2 years old or the height recommended by the manufacturer
-children should use an approved car restraint system until they achieve a height of 145cm (4ft, 9 inches), or 8-12 years
-when the forward seat is outgrown, the preschooler transitions to a booster seat
-teach children appropriate seat belt use when no longer using the car restraint system or booster seat
-Safest place for child is the back seat
