Hematologic Disorders

Question 1

Hematologic Disorders

Answer 1

-Epistaxis
-Iron deficiency anemia
-Sickle cell anemia
-Hemophilia

Question 2

Epistaxis: Nosebleeds

Answer 2

Short, isolated occurrences are common in childhood.
Rarely an emergency, it causes anxiety for the child and caregivers.
Risk Factors:
-Trauma, such as picking or rubbing the nose
-Low humidity, allergic rhinitis, upper respiratory infection, blunt injury, or a foreign body in the nose
-Medications that affect clotting factors can increase bleeding.
-Underlying diseases

Question 2

Epistaxis: Nosebleeds

Answer 2

Short, isolated occurrences are common in childhood.
Rarely an emergency, it causes anxiety for the child and caregivers.
Risk Factors:
-Trauma, such as picking or rubbing the nose
-Low humidity, allergic rhinitis, upper respiratory infection, blunt injury, or a foreign body in the nose
-Medications that affect clotting factors can increase bleeding.
-Underlying diseases

Question 3

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Answer 3

-Most common anemia in the United States.
-Adolescents are at risk due to poor diet, rapid growth, menses, strenuous activities, and obesity.
-Usually results from an inadequate dietary supply of iron, and is the most preventable mineral disturbance

Question 4

Symptoms: Iron Deficiency Anemia

Answer 4

-Tachycardia
-Pallor
-Brittle, spoon-shaped fingernails
-Fatigue, irritability, and muscle weakness
-Systolic heart murmur

Question 5

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 5

-A group of diseases in which abnormal sickle hemoglobin S (HbS) replaces normal adult hemoglobin (Hgb A).
-Manifestations and complications are the results of RBC sickling, which leads to increased blood viscosity, obstruction of blood flow, and tissue hypoxia.
-Manifestations are not usually apparent until later in infancy due to the presence of fetal Hgb.
-Tissue hypoxia causes tissue ischemia, which results in pain.
-Increased destruction of RBCs occurs.
-Sickle cell crisis is the exacerbation of SCA.

Question 6

Hemophilia

Answer 6

-Factor 8 missing
-A group of bleeding disorders characterized by difficulty controlling bleeding. ­
-Bleeding time is extended due to lack of a factor required for blood to clot.
-Bleeding is internal or external.
-Bleeding tendencies are sometimes recognized during infancy following circumcision, but might not become apparent until the infant becomes more active and prone to injuries during the toddler years.

Question 7

Hemophilia

Answer 7

-Factor 8 missing
-A group of bleeding disorders characterized by difficulty controlling bleeding. ­
-Bleeding time is extended due to lack of a factor required for blood to clot.
-Bleeding is internal or external.
-Bleeding tendencies are sometimes recognized during infancy following circumcision, but might not become apparent until the infant becomes more active and prone to injuries during the toddler years.