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Brain and Behaviour Quiz 1 > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What parts make up the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Name the lobes on the brain

A

Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

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3
Q

Name the functions of the frontal lobe

A

Executive control and motor function

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4
Q

Name the functions of the temporal lobe

A

Hearing perception, memory, smell, and taste

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5
Q

Name the functions of the parietal lobe

A

Tactile and spacial perception

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6
Q

Name the functions of the occipital lobe

A

Visual perception

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7
Q

What is mentalism?

A

a dualistic model where the mind (a nonmaterial one) directs behavior/body

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8
Q

What is dualism?

A

the mind-body problem

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9
Q

What is materialism?

A

The brain (an organ- tangible) drives behavior (another dualistic model)

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10
Q

What methods exist to study the brain and behaviour connections?

A

Animal models, human models, and imaging

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11
Q

Describe animal models in the relation to B&B

A

Darwin had ideas about evolution and the sharing of brain structures
across species. Making inferences about the human brain from studies with animals
became feasible.
Lesion studies – animal training on a function (learning or memory) and then
their brain was lesioned (cut). Their behavior was observed after the lesioning (did the animal
still remember the tasks they learned?). Is this the same pattern that we saw in brain injured
patients?

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12
Q

Describe human models in relation to B&B

A

much of what we have learned about the brain, we learned from brain
injured patients and then we observed their behavior over time (case studies). From these observations we made inferences about what the brain does. Through studying problems with the brain, we
hypothesized about non-damaged brains.

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13
Q

What is the functional organization of the nervous system?

A

Nervous system -> CNS -> brain and spinal cord -> PNS

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14
Q

What are the Brain’s surface features?

A

Gyri (bumps) and Sulci (grooves)

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15
Q

What are the directional terms around the brain?

A

Dorsal to ventral, anterior to posterier, and lateral to medial

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16
Q

What are the meninges?

A

The first layer past the skull. The main function of these layers is in their protective nature from physical dangers as well as infection (infection = meningitis)

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17
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges?

A

(from outer-most to inner-most) dura mater, arachnoid layer, pia mater

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18
Q

What are the ventricles?

A

The four ventricles (left lateral, right lateral, third, and fourth) are the cavities inside the brain structure filled with cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).

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19
Q

What is CSF and what is its function?

A

CSF (colorless solution of sodium, chloride, and ions) suspends the brain, acts as a shock absorber, and provides a chemically stable environment for the brain to function. absorbed in the subarachnoid layer of the meninges

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20
Q

Explain contralateral control and what structure(s) are associated with it

A

Contralateral control makes each hemisphere control the muscles on the opposing side of the body. The Pons is responsible via axons crossing over in this structure

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21
Q

What are lamina? Explain laminar structure.

A

Lamina are the neocortical layer containing different cell types. The desity in each of the 6 layers varies along with the appearance of the cells

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22
Q

What is the function of the ventricular system?

A

Circulation of CSF

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23
Q

Identify and locate the 8 views of the brain

A

Dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, sagittal, coronal

24
Q

What is neuroplasticity?

A

The nervous system’s potential for physical or chemical change that enhances its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury

25
Q

What is the central sulcus and where is it located?

A

Deepest sulcus, located in between the frontal and parietal lobes

26
Q

Why does the brain look so convoluted- full of gyri and sulci?

A

Allows for more surface area as the structure is scrunched into the skull

27
Q

What are gyri and sulci?

A

gyri- bumps on the brain
sulci- grooves on the brain

28
Q

What is white matter? Where is it located in the brain?

A

Fat-sheather neural axons, located on the inner area of the cortex

29
Q

What is grey matter? Where is it located in the brain?

A

Predominantly composed of cell bodies and blood vessels, located on the outer rim of the cortex

30
Q

What is the corpus callosum? Where is it located?

A

What matter fibre system connecting the hemispheres, located in the forebrain

31
Q

What are the nuclei in the brain?

A

a cluster of neurons in the central nervous system located in the brain stem and hindbrain/midbrain structures (cranial nerves)

32
Q

What are cortical structures?

A

Lobes, hemispheres, CSF, grey and white matter

33
Q

What are subcortical structures?

A

Structures below the cortex: Corpus callosum, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala olfactory, basal ganglia

34
Q

Motor function is to (anterior or posterior) as sensory function is to (anterior or posterior)

A

Anterior, posterior

35
Q

What names are used for the outer structure of the brain that the lobes are part of? (hint: there are three)

A

Cortex, neocortex, and cerebrum

36
Q

What is another term for the limbic system?

A

Allocortex

37
Q

What is another term for the allocortex?

A

Limbic system

38
Q

What are the structures associated with the limbic system?

A

Amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate cortex

39
Q

What structures are associated with the allocortex?

A

the amygdala, hippocampus, and three layers of neurons

40
Q

What does the limbic system regulate?

A

Emotion, sexual behavior, memory, spatial navigation, self-awareness

41
Q

What is the cingulate cortex? What does it regulate?

A

The cingulate cortex (cingulate gyrus) sits in the cortex above the corpus callosum and regulates self-awareness, insight, attention, and consciousness

42
Q

What is the basal ganglia? What does it regulate?

A

Subcortical structure containing the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus.
Regulates voluntary and involuntary movements/ subcortical motor function

43
Q

What structures are in the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

44
Q

What is another name for the mid-brain? What are its structures and function?

A

Mesencephalon- motor, audio, and visual functions. Contains tectum (roof) and tegmentum (floor)

45
Q

What are the hindbrain’s structures and functions?

A

Regulates the most vital of body functions and survival. Contains pons, reticular formation, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum

46
Q

What is the pons? What does it do?

A

Contained in the hindbrain above the medulla followed by the brain stem. Responsible for contralateral control which allows for sensory and motor control.

47
Q

What is reticular function/reticulated activation system/RAS? Where is it located?

A

RAS controls the arousal of the brain and spinal cord.
Descending- motor control of spinal cord
Ascending- sensory control of spinal cord
Located in pons and medulla

48
Q

Name structures associated with motor function

A

Cerebellum, pons, frontal lobe, basal ganglia

49
Q

Name structures associated with cognitive-emotional-memory function

A

the frontal lobe, limbic system/allocortex, hippocampi/temporal lobe structure, and cerebellum

50
Q

Which lobe is Broca’s area located in?

A

Frontal

51
Q

Why is the medulla part of the brain rather than the spinal cord?

A

It is located within the skull

52
Q

What two structures are located in the tectum and what do they do?

A

Superior colliculus (visual circuitry) and inferior colliculus (auditory circuitry)

53
Q

Layers 1 through 3 of the lamina control _______ functions

A

Integrative

54
Q

Layer 4 of the lamina controls _______ functions

A

Sensory input (afferent)

55
Q

Layers 5 and 6 of the lamina control ______ functions

A

output to other parts of the brain (efferent)

Brain and Behaviour Quiz 1 (4 decks)

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