Ab. Psych Test #1

Question 1

Salem witch trials and shift to more naturalistic approaches

Answer 1

Young girls start acting erratically and claim the cause to be witchcraft. Their behaviour would be previously labeled hysteria but now CONVERSION DISORDER. “Naturalism” or a naturalistic view was stunted by religious beliefs but some (Johann Weyer ~1500s) sees past it and examines the symptoms as just that, and nothing to do with demons and witchcraft

Question 2

Hippocrates

Answer 2

Greek physician (460-375 BCE) advocating for naturalistic explanations for “disturbed” behaviour

Question 3

Who created the human fluid imbalance theory and what did it entail?

Answer 3

Hippocrates– The four “humors” or bodily fluids (yellow bile- mania, black bile- depression, blood- sanguine, phlegm- phlegmatic) determine behaviour.

Question 4

Describe the shift from state hospitals to decentralized community mental health clinics

Answer 4

Early institutions give the mentally ill food and kindness but eventually, fill up and treat them as spectacles, tied up and observed (1500s)

Over time asylums in the US start to improve conditions and see the mentally ill as having illnesses and not just being strange people (1800s) Dorothea Dix

Modern health systems encourage “deinstitutionalization” as a more residential and homelike setting for those that still need the structure and care of an “asylum”

Question 5

Explain operant conditioning

Answer 5

Skinner– Voluntary or emitted behaviours
B=F(C)
S-R-C = stimulus - response - consequence

UCS (meat) –> UCR (salivation)
CS (bell) –> CR (salvation)

Question 6

Explain classical conditioning

Answer 6

Pavlov– Reflexive or elicit behaviours

Question 7

What was the forerunner to hypnosis and who is connected to it?

Answer 7

trances, Mesmer

Question 8

What can increase anxiety or panic disorder?

Answer 8

CO2, stimulants

Question 9

What is the DSM5?

Answer 9

The DSM is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a handbook used to diagnose mental disorders

Question 10

What is “abnormal”? How does it relate to statistical deviation vs. interference with functioning?

Answer 10

???

Question 11

Describe cognitive, physiological, and behavioral aspects

Answer 11

Cognitive - How we interpret
Physiological - How the body reacts
Behavioral - Reaction

Someone you have a crush on compliments you, you feel happy (cognitive), your face blushes (physiological), and you smile (behavioural)

Question 12

Direct observation vs projective tests

Answer 12

Direct- Gives us a good picture of how someone is functioning on a more literal and physical level

Projective- Ambiguous stimulus materials (ie rorschach test and thematic apperception test/TAT) involve interpretation and can therefore be inconsistent or unreliable

Question 13

Type A

Answer 13

Competitiveness, aggressiveness, hostility, time urgency, and greater risk of heart attack

Question 14

Type B

Answer 14

Relaxed, less-hurried

Question 15

How is blood injury phobia different from all other specific phobias

Answer 15

There isn’t much of an evolutionary or biological reason to have this phobia?

Question 16

Panic disorder vs GAD

Answer 16

PD- Recurring panic attacks accompanied by severe physiological symptoms

GAD- Excessive but general worry followed by mild physiological symptoms of sleep trouble, fatigue, digestion issues, impaired concentration

Question 17

Ego syntonic vs ego dystonic

Answer 17

Syntonic- Actions/behaviour that aligns with needs and goals
Dystonic- Actions/behaviours that go against a persons needs and goals unwillingly (OCD and hoarding)

Question 18

Anxiety reduction model (ABC)

Answer 18

A- antecendent // something triggers anxiety to go up
B- behaviour // person engages a behaviour that makes the anxiety go down
C- consequence // the anxiety alleviates but the pattern is enforced

Question 19

Social anxiety disorder treatment

Answer 19

identifying judgmental/fearful thoughts, challenging negative thoughts, practicing and using coping responses

Question 20

Somatic symptom disorder

Answer 20

A pattern of multiple somatic symptoms across several years

Question 21

Stimulus control with eating and insomnia

Answer 21

External stimuli that strengthen or weaken cues to sleep via association (ie a nightlight helping someone sleep)

Question 22

Phases of General Adaptive Syndrome

Answer 22

1. alarm
2. resistance
3. exhaustion

Question 23

Conversion disorder

Answer 23

AKA Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder

Seemingly inexplainable collection of somatic problems generally affecting motor and sensory function (paralysis, loss of muscle function, speech disturbances, convulsions, tics, vision disturbance, auditory disturbance, tingling)

Question 24

Mood disorders

Answer 24

Major depressive, bipolar, dysthymia

Question 25

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

Answer 25

Short temper expressed verbally and physically
Between ages 10 and 18
Outbursts are seemingly random

Question 26

CBT

Answer 26

Cognitive behavioural therapy- effective for depression, anxiety, substance abuse, marital issues, ED, and severe mental illness

IDENTIFYING AND CHANGING DISTORTED THOUGHT PATTERNS, EMOTIONAL RESPONSES, AND BEHAVIOURSI

Question 27

Behaviour therapy

Answer 27

Aims to identify and change self-destructive or unhealthy behaviour.

Effective for addiction, schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, depression, bipolar, anxiety, ED, BPD, etc.

Question 28

Humanistic Therapy

Answer 28

Emphasizes the importance of being your true self in order to lead the most fulfilling life

Effective for depression, addiction, anxiety, panic disorders, familial relationships

Question 29

Sympathetic system controls ______ responses

Answer 29

Fight or flight

Question 30

Parasympathetic system controls _______ responses

Answer 30

Rest and digest