Ab. Psych Test #1 Flashcards
Salem witch trials and shift to more naturalistic approaches
Young girls start acting erratically and claim the cause to be witchcraft. Their behaviour would be previously labeled hysteria but now CONVERSION DISORDER. “Naturalism” or a naturalistic view was stunted by religious beliefs but some (Johann Weyer ~1500s) sees past it and examines the symptoms as just that, and nothing to do with demons and witchcraft
Hippocrates
Greek physician (460-375 BCE) advocating for naturalistic explanations for “disturbed” behaviour
Who created the human fluid imbalance theory and what did it entail?
Hippocrates– The four “humors” or bodily fluids (yellow bile- mania, black bile- depression, blood- sanguine, phlegm- phlegmatic) determine behaviour.
Describe the shift from state hospitals to decentralized community mental health clinics
Early institutions give the mentally ill food and kindness but eventually, fill up and treat them as spectacles, tied up and observed (1500s)
Over time asylums in the US start to improve conditions and see the mentally ill as having illnesses and not just being strange people (1800s) Dorothea Dix
Modern health systems encourage “deinstitutionalization” as a more residential and homelike setting for those that still need the structure and care of an “asylum”
Explain operant conditioning
Skinner– Voluntary or emitted behaviours
B=F(C)
S-R-C = stimulus - response - consequence
UCS (meat) –> UCR (salivation)
CS (bell) –> CR (salvation)
Explain classical conditioning
Pavlov– Reflexive or elicit behaviours
What was the forerunner to hypnosis and who is connected to it?
trances, Mesmer
What can increase anxiety or panic disorder?
CO2, stimulants
What is the DSM5?
The DSM is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a handbook used to diagnose mental disorders
What is “abnormal”? How does it relate to statistical deviation vs. interference with functioning?
???
Describe cognitive, physiological, and behavioral aspects
Cognitive - How we interpret
Physiological - How the body reacts
Behavioral - Reaction
Someone you have a crush on compliments you, you feel happy (cognitive), your face blushes (physiological), and you smile (behavioural)
Direct observation vs projective tests
Direct- Gives us a good picture of how someone is functioning on a more literal and physical level
Projective- Ambiguous stimulus materials (ie rorschach test and thematic apperception test/TAT) involve interpretation and can therefore be inconsistent or unreliable
Type A
Competitiveness, aggressiveness, hostility, time urgency, and greater risk of heart attack
Type B
Relaxed, less-hurried
How is blood injury phobia different from all other specific phobias
There isn’t much of an evolutionary or biological reason to have this phobia?
Panic disorder vs GAD
PD- Recurring panic attacks accompanied by severe physiological symptoms
GAD- Excessive but general worry followed by mild physiological symptoms of sleep trouble, fatigue, digestion issues, impaired concentration
Ego syntonic vs ego dystonic
Syntonic- Actions/behaviour that aligns with needs and goals
Dystonic- Actions/behaviours that go against a persons needs and goals unwillingly (OCD and hoarding)
Anxiety reduction model (ABC)
A- antecendent // something triggers anxiety to go up
B- behaviour // person engages a behaviour that makes the anxiety go down
C- consequence // the anxiety alleviates but the pattern is enforced
Social anxiety disorder treatment
identifying judgmental/fearful thoughts, challenging negative thoughts, practicing and using coping responses
Somatic symptom disorder
A pattern of multiple somatic symptoms across several years
Stimulus control with eating and insomnia
External stimuli that strengthen or weaken cues to sleep via association (ie a nightlight helping someone sleep)
Phases of General Adaptive Syndrome
- alarm
- resistance
- exhaustion
Conversion disorder
AKA Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder
Seemingly inexplainable collection of somatic problems generally affecting motor and sensory function (paralysis, loss of muscle function, speech disturbances, convulsions, tics, vision disturbance, auditory disturbance, tingling)
Mood disorders
Major depressive, bipolar, dysthymia
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)
Short temper expressed verbally and physically
Between ages 10 and 18
Outbursts are seemingly random
CBT
Cognitive behavioural therapy- effective for depression, anxiety, substance abuse, marital issues, ED, and severe mental illness
IDENTIFYING AND CHANGING DISTORTED THOUGHT PATTERNS, EMOTIONAL RESPONSES, AND BEHAVIOURSI
Behaviour therapy
Aims to identify and change self-destructive or unhealthy behaviour.
Effective for addiction, schizophrenia/psychotic disorders, depression, bipolar, anxiety, ED, BPD, etc.
Humanistic Therapy
Emphasizes the importance of being your true self in order to lead the most fulfilling life
Effective for depression, addiction, anxiety, panic disorders, familial relationships
Sympathetic system controls ______ responses
Fight or flight
Parasympathetic system controls _______ responses
Rest and digest
