Quiz 1 Flashcards
Due to the lack of an enzyme to break down lipids, excess accumulation of lipids in the brain leads to a human disease called Tay Sachs. Which organelle is likely to be the one that lacks the proper enzyme needed for lipid breakdown?
lysosome
Which organelle stores water, ions, and functions in cell elongation during growth of a plant cell?
Vacuole
The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope often has bound ribosomes. What can you conclude from this?
at least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the ribosomes on the nuclear envelope.
Which contains oxidase enzymes and is involved in detoxification reactions?
peroxisome
Thylakoids, stoma, and ribosomes are all components found in
chloroplasts
The nucleus is to eukaryotes as the ________ is to prokaryotes.
nucleoid
Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions?
The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy.
How can one increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
Add a catalyst.
When one hydrogen atom shares a pair of electrons with another hydrogen atom, H2 is formed via a(n)
single covalent bond
The nucleus of an atom is composed of
protons and neutrons
Carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities and combine together to form hydrocarbon molecules. What type of bonds form between these atoms?
nonpolar covalent
Amphipathic molecules
possess both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
A grave consequence of uncontrolled fever can be:
change in the tertiary structure of your enzymes
Enzymes are biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by:
decreasing the activation energy.
The active site of an enzyme is the region that
is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme
The tertiary structure of a protein is dependent on
the side chain composition of each amino acid within the protein.
Which factor is responsible for inhibiting a metabolic process by feedback?
end product
A noncompetitive inhibitor decreases the rate of an enzyme reaction by:
changing the shape of the enzyme’s active site
By increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction, one could overcome which of the following?
competitive inhibition
The __________ is a measure of the affinity of an enzyme for its substrate and is the substrate concentration that yields half-maximal reaction rate.
Km
The ________________ bonds between the side chains of cysteine residues in some proteins covalently link regions of proteins, thus restricting the proteins’ flexibility and increasing the stability of their tertiary structures.
Disulfide
________________ bond is the covalent linkage established between 2 monosaccharide residues when they come together to form a disaccharide.
Glycosidic
Total genetic information carried by a cell or an organism is known as _________.
Genome
Proteins that have a common ancestor are referred to as ________________.
Homologs
