QUIPPER ENDROCRINE Flashcards
Parathyroid glands are derived from the_________________, ______________ glands from the fourth pouch and the __________ glands from the third pouch
embryonic pharyngeal pouches
Endocrine cells of the parathyroid glands are called
principal (chief) cells
the cell releases a molecule into the
interstitial fluid that binds to receptor of a
similar cell or of the same type.
Autocrine signaling
the cell that posses the receptor for a
certain hormone.
Target cell
The target cell is located far away from the
secreting cell.
Endocrine Signaling
are caused by nonfunctioning parathyroid receptors
pseudohypoparathyroidism
cause by nonfunctioning growth hormone receptors
dwarfism
Stimulates release of thyrotropin (TSH)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Stimulates the release of both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
and luteinizing hormone (LH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH)
Inhibits release of both somatotropin (GH) and TSH
Somatostatin
Stimulates release of GH
Growth hormone-releasing hormone
(GHRH)
Inhibits release of prolactin (PRL)
Dopamine
Stimulates synthesis of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and
release of both β-lipotropic hormone (β-LPH) and corticotropin
(ACTH)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Increases water permeability of renal
collecting ducts
Vasopressin/antidiuretic
hormone (ADH)
Stimulates contraction of mammary
gland myoepithelial cells and uterine
smooth muscle
Oxytocin
adrenal cortex order of concentric zone from superficial to deep
Zona glomerulus
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis
Secrete mineralocorticoids
Zona glomerulosa
mainly Secrete glucocorticoids and small
amount of weak androgens
Zona fasciculata
o Main product is weak androgens
o Produce small amounts of
glucocorticoids
Zona reticularis
Acidophils 2 types
Somatotrophs
Lactotrophs
Basophils 3 types
Corticotrophs
Gonadotrophs
Thyrotrophs
y is a disorder, usually autoimmune in origin, which causes degeneration in any layer of adrenal cortex, with concomitant
loss of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, or androgen
production.
addison disease
Glucagon
α or A cells
produce insulin
β or B cells
secreting somatostatin
δ or D cells
Pancreatic polypeptide
PP cells
Acts on several tissues to make energy
stored in glycogen and fat available through
glycogenolysis and lipolysis; increases blood
glucose content
Glucagon
Acts on several tissues to cause entry of glucose
into cells and promotes decrease of blood
glucose content
Insulin
Inhibits release of other islet cell hormones
through local paracrine action; inhibits release
of GH and TSH in anterior pituitary and HCl
secretion by gastric parietal cells
Somatostatin
Stimulates activity of gastric chief cells;
inhibits bile secretion, pancreatic enzyme and
bicarbonate secretion, and intestinal motility
Pancreatic polypeptide
cell of pineal gland
Pinealocytes
Thyroid glands endocrine cells
Follicular cells
Parafollicular or C cells
Thyroid hormones (T3
and T4
)
Follicular cells
Calcitonin
Parafollicular or C cells
Parathyroid hormone (PTH
Chief cells
Melatonin
Pinealocytes
Increases heart rate and blood
pressure
Epinephrine
Constricts vessels; increases heart
rate and blood pressure
Norepinephrine
Adrenal glands: Medulla
Chromaffin cell
Raises blood glucose levels
Glucagon
Lowers blood glucose levels
Insulin
Inhibits secretion of insulin,
glucagon, and somatotropin
Somatostatin
Inhibits secretion of pancreatic
enzymes and HCO3
–
Pancreatic polypeptide
Increases metabolic rate
Thyroid hormones (T3
and T4
)
Lowers blood Ca2+ levels by
inhibiting osteoclast activity
Calcitonin
Raises blood Ca2+ levels by
stimulating osteoclast activity
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Regulates circadian rhythms
Melatonin
