CHAPTER 1 Pt. 2 Histology and Its Methods of Study

Question 1

Cell surface glycoproteins and mucin are
PAS-positive because of their high content of ___________
and _________

Answer 1

oligosaccharides; polysaccharides

Question 2

LESS common method of staining

Answer 2

Metal Impregnation

Question 3

Metal Impregnation uses ______ or ______ to have visual certain ECM fibers and specific cellular components in nervous tissue such as dendrites or dendritic spines

Answer 3

silver; gold

Question 4

Metal Impregnation for Cerebral Cortex exposes what component?

Answer 4

cytoplasmic process

Question 5

We avoid these dyes for metabolic diseases diagnosis that intracellular accumulations of cholesterol, phospholipids, or glycolipids

Answer 5

Lipin Soluble Dyes such as Sudab black

Question 6

it is a modification of PAS procedure; stains DNA of cell nuclei

Answer 6

Feulgen Reaction

Question 7

Slide preparation, from tissue fixation to observation
with a ______________, may take from 12 hours to 2½ days,
depending on the size of the tissue, the embedding medium,
and the method of staining.

Answer 7

light microscope

Question 8

The final step before microscopic
observation is mounting a __________________________ on the
slide with clear adhesive.

Answer 8

protective glass coverslip

Question 9

The optical
components of a bright-field microscope

Answer 9

condenser
objective
eyepiece

Question 10

focusing light on the object
to be studied

Answer 10

condenser

Question 11

lens enlarging and projecting the
image of the object toward the observe

Answer 11

objective

Question 12

further magnifying this image and projecting
it onto the viewer’s retina or a charge-coupled device

Answer 12

eyepiece/ocular lens

Question 13

The total magnification is obtained by multiplying the_______________ and ____________

Answer 13

magnifying power of the objective and ocular lenses.

Question 14

The critical factor in obtaining a crisp, detailed image
with a light microscope is its

Answer 14

resolving power

Question 15

defined as the
smallest distance between two structures at which they can be
seen as separate objects.

Answer 15

resolving power

Question 16

The maximal resolving power of the
light microscope is approximately

Answer 16

0.2 μm

Question 17

maximal resolving power can permit
clear images magnified __________ times

Answer 17

1000-1500

Question 18

Objects smaller or
thinner than 0.2 μm cannot be distinguished with this instrument.

Answer 18

light microscope

Question 19

typically used for study of bright-field microscopic preparations, involves the conversion of a stained tissue preparation to high-resolution digital images
and permits study of tissues using a computer or other digital device, without an actual stained slide or a microscope.

Answer 19

Virtual microscopy

Question 20

When certain cellular substances are irradiated by light of a
proper wavelength, they emit light with a longer wavelength—
a phenomenon called

Answer 20

fluorescence

Question 21

tissue sections are usually irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light and the emission is in the visible portion of
the spectrum.

Answer 21

fluorescence
microscopy

Question 22

Acridine orange binds nucleic acids and causes DNA in cell
nuclei to emit _________ light and the RNA-rich cytoplasm to
appear ______ in these cells of a kidney tubule.

Answer 22

yellow; orange

Question 23

DAPI

Answer 23

(4′,6-diamino-2-phenylindole)

Question 24

Cultured cells stained with DAPI (4′,6-diamino-2-phenylindole)
that binds DNA and with fluorescein phalloidin that binds actin
filaments show nuclei with ____ fluorescence and actin filaments
stained _____.

Answer 24

blue; green

Question 25

Living neural crest cells growing in culture
________: Without fixation and staining, only
the 2 pigment cells can be seen.

Answer 25

Bright-field microscopy

Question 26

Cell boundaries, nuclei, and
cytoplasmic structures with different refractive indices affect
in-phase light differently and produce an image of these features
in all the cells

Answer 26

Phase-contrast microscopy

Question 27

Cellular details
are highlighted in a different manner using Nomarski optics.
Phase-contrast microscopy, with or without differential interference, is widely used to observe live cells grown in tissue culture

Answer 27

Differential interference contrast microscopy

Question 28

in a bright field microscope, excess light reduces contrast within the image and compromises the resolving power of the objective lens, what specific type of microscopy avoids these problems?

Answer 28

Confocal microscopy

Question 29

Confocal microscopy achieves high resolution and sharp focus by using
(1) a small point of _____________, often from a laser and
(2) a plate with a
_________ aperture in front of the image detector.

Answer 29

high-intensity light; pinhole

Question 30

allows the recognition of stained or
unstained structures made of highly organized subunits

Answer 30

Polarizing microscopy

Question 31

The ability to rotate the direction
of vibration of polarized light is called

Answer 31

birefringence

Question 32

DIFFERENT MICROSCOPIES UNDER LIGHT MICROSCOPY?

Answer 32

Bright-field
Fluorescence
Phase-Contrast
Confocal
Polarizing

Question 33

this type of microscopy has longer wavelength, less distinction

Answer 33

Light Microscopy

Question 34

it has black background; white/clear vision of the tissue components; used to detect ________

Answer 34

Dark-field Microscopy; syphilis

Question 35

scan tissues at different level; reconstruct 3d image

Answer 35

confocal

Question 36

like an x-ray; 2d

Answer 36

transmission electron microscopy

Question 37

x-ray but 3d

Answer 37

scanning electron microscopy

Question 38

In polarizing Microscopy, there is an intense color of yellow, or orange birefringence. What component of the sample are these colors?

Answer 38

collagen fibers for unsectioned mesentery

Question 39

The wavelength in an electron beam is much shorter than that
of light, allowing a 1000-fold increase in resolution.

Answer 39

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Question 40

an imaging system that permits resolution around 3 nm

Answer 40

Transmission Electron Microscopy

Question 41

Very thin (__-___ nm),
resin-embedded tissue sections are typically studied by TEM
at magnifications up to approximately 120,000 times

Answer 41

40-90

Question 42

There are shades of gray region, black and white image.

Answer 42

TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy)

Question 43

in TEM, if an electron passed readily it means?

Answer 43

electron lucent (brighter)

Question 44

in TEM, if electrons were absorbed or deflected

Answer 44

electron dense