quido_psychology_contributions Flashcards
Cognitive development in four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations
Jean Piaget
Psychosocial development stages: Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, etc.
Erik Erikson
Five life stages of personality development and significance of interpersonal relationships
Harry Stack Sullivan
Nurse–patient relationship with phases and tasks
Leading nursing theorist and clinician: developed the nurse–patient
relationship with phases and tasks
- Identified roles of the nurse: stranger, resource person, teacher, leader,
surrogate, counselor
- Described four levels of anxiety (mild, moderate, severe, panic) still
widely used today
Hildegard Peplau
Hierarchy of needs: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization
Abraham Maslow
Client-centered therapy, unconditional positive regard, genuineness, empathetic understanding
Carl Rogers
Classical conditioning: association of stimuli and response
Ivan Pavlov
Operant conditioning: reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior
B.F. Skinner
Rational emotive therapy: irrational beliefs cause distress
Albert Ellis
Logotherapy: search for meaning in life
Viktor Frankl
Gestalt therapy: self-awareness and living in the present moment
Frederick “Fritz” Perls
Reality therapy: focus on behavior and its consequences
William Glasser
Cognitive therapy: negative thoughts contribute to depression
Aaron Beck
Existential psychology: authentic self and personal responsibility
Existential Theorists
Crisis intervention: emotional response to overwhelming events
Crisis Theorists
