PPC Flashcards - Prelims
A study that provides knowledge and frameworks to understand how humans are influenced by others and how societal forces shape behaviors and beliefs.
PPC (People, Power, and Culture)
The process by which individuals acquire and process information (values, beliefs, norms) through interactions with others.
Socialization
The systematic study of humanity, focusing on evolutionary origins, cultural diversity, and social existence over time.
Anthropology
The study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior.
Sociology
The study of government and politics at local, national, and international levels, focusing on power, authority, and governance.
Political Science
The aggregate of people living together in an ordered community; also refers to organizations or clubs formed for specific purposes.
Society
A learned, shared, symbolic, integrated, and dynamic system of values, beliefs, and practices that shape human interactions and behaviors.
Culture
Culturally defined standards that people use to determine what is good, beautiful, and desirable.
Values
Social expectations about appropriate and inappropriate behaviors.
Norms
Smaller cultural groups within a larger culture, distinguished by unique beliefs, behaviors, or interests.
Subcultures
The core Filipino value of togetherness and community, divided into two categories: ‘Ibang Tao’ (other people) and ‘Hindi Ibang Tao’ (not other people).
Kapwa
A pivotal Filipino value referring to shared inner perception or sensing others’ feelings and needs.
Pakikiramdam
A Filipino surface value that refers to propriety or dignity.
Hiya
A Filipino surface value that emphasizes companionship and esteem.
Pakikisama
A Filipino surface value referring to gratitude and a sense of obligation.
Utang na Loob
A foreign or external model of Filipino values derived from Western cultures (e.g., bureaucracy).
Exogenous Model
A traditional and informal model of Filipino values deeply rooted in Filipino consciousness.
Indigenous Model
A Filipino value that emphasizes family unity and care for extended family members.
Pagkakabuklod-buklod
The Filipino trait of being warm, generous, and accommodating to guests and visitors.
Hospitality
The hierarchical organization of people in a society based on income, wealth, and social status.
Social Stratification
A social position assigned at birth (e.g., race, family background).
Ascribed Status
A social position gained through personal effort (e.g., education, career success).
Achieved Status
General groupings of Filipino values, including the relationship cluster, social cluster, livelihood cluster, inwardness cluster, and optimism cluster.
Macroclusters
The Filipino emphasis on personal relationships over institutional or procedural systems.
Personalism
The Filipino cultural trait of maintaining harmony and avoiding confrontation.
Smooth Interpersonal Relationships (SIR)
A social structure where people rely on powerful patrons for resources and opportunities.
Patron-Client System
Patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting learned through cultural socialization.
Cultural Programming
The concept that culture is not fixed but evolves in response to new influences or changes.
Dynamism of Culture
The ability of individuals to move between social classes through education and hard work.
Social Mobility
A large segment of the population living in substandard conditions with limited access to basic needs.
Urban Poor
The wealthiest and most politically powerful segment of society controlling most resources and activities.
Elite Class
Professionals and skilled workers who represent a smaller portion of the population and possess moderate wealth.
Middle Class
The majority of the population with limited economic resources and restricted access to upward mobility.
Lower Class
The unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges in society.
Inequality
Central concepts in political science referring to the ability to influence others and the legitimate right to enforce rules and decisions.
Power and Authority
Societal expectations for behavior and responsibilities based on gender, such as women being caregivers and men being breadwinners.
Gender Roles
The Filipino tendency to be hopeful about the future while being critical of present conditions.
Optimism and Pessimism
The increasing interconnectedness of people, products, and information across the world.
Globalization
Cooperative organizations formed based on shared interests and a focus on collective needs over individual desires.
Community-Oriented Groups
