quickly memorize for psyc

Question 1

• Name and define each of the 3 types of long-term memory that we have discussed in this course.
• For each of these 3 types of long-term memory, provide an example from H.M.’s case that demonstrates whether he was or was not able to form new memories of that kind after his surgery.

Answer 1

*episodic and semantic can be declared while procedural is a skill like tying shoes.
Episodic
* Personal life events
- Example: H.M. could not form new episodic memories post-surgery once events had ended
- could not remember his doctor of 43 years

Semantic
* Facts/concepts
-H.M. retained pre-surgery facts but couldn’t learn new ones.
- He could remember that the stock market crashed in 1929 (fact)

Procedural
*skills and procedure
-H.M. could learn new motor tasks like mirror tracing. But he can’t remember learning the skill because he has no episodic memory

Question 2

(1) Memory is the brain’s ability to engage in 3 interrelated processes. Name and define those 3 processes.

Answer 2

– Take in information (knowledge
and skills) from the outside
world (ENCODING)
– Retain the information
(STORAGE)
– Retrieve the information for
later use (RETRIEVAL)

Question 3

(3) Provide a 1-sentence description of the following 2 memory systems. It should be clear from these 1-sentence descriptions alone how the 2 memory systems differ from each other: sensory memory, and short-term memory.

Answer 3

Sensory Memory
* Contains everything we can sense at a given time
* But, information not used within ~1 second is lost
– “Used” = attended to, and therefore passed to short-
term memory
Short-Term Memory
* The ability to:
– Hold information in our minds for a brief time
(20-30 seconds)
– Work with that information -> working memory

Question 4

(9) Which areas of the brain are responsible for (a) holding visual

Answer 4

primary visual cortex, occipital lobe

Question 5

primary auditory cortex

Answer 5

temporal lobe

Question 6

touch: primary sensory cortex,

Answer 6

parietal lobe

Question 7

olfactory/smell cortex

Answer 7

on the border of the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe

Question 8

Primary gustatory or taste cortex

Answer 8

parietal lobe.

Question 9

holding short-term memory,

Answer 9

prefrontal cortex

Question 10

consolidating (not storing) episodic memories

Answer 10

hippocampus

Question 11

semantic memories

Answer 11

hippocampus

Question 12

procedural memories

Answer 12

basal ganglia

Question 13

Fixed interval schedule: .

Answer 13

…and a fixed, predetermined amount of time has
passed
– e.g., Animal always has 5 minutes to press the lever. If it does, it will get
rewarded at the end of each 5 minute period

Question 14

• Variable interval schedule:

Answer 14

…and a random amount of time has passed
– e.g., Animal has X minutes to press the lever. If it does, it will get rewarded at the

Question 15

Fixed ratio schedule: …a fixed, predetermined number of times
– e.g., Animal always rewarded after pressing the 5th time it presses the lever.

Answer 15

Fixed ratio schedule: …a fixed, predetermined number of times
– e.g., Animal always rewarded after pressing the 5th time it presses the lever.

Question 16

Fixed ratio schedule: …a fixed, predetermined number of times
– e.g., Animal always rewarded after pressing the 5th time it presses the lever.