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Nursing > Quick Review- Exam 1 > Flashcards

Quick Review- Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Chain of infection

A
  1. Infectious agent
  2. Reservoir
  3. Portal of entry
  4. Mode of transmission
  5. Portal of exit
  6. Host
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2
Q

What does potential of an infectious agent depend upon?

A

Dose, virulence, susceptibility of patient

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3
Q

C. Dificile

A

Large spore, diarrhea (3+ times)

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4
Q

Exudate

A

Accumulation

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5
Q

Serous

A

Clear

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6
Q

Sanguineos

A

Bloody

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7
Q

Purulent

A

Puss, WBC

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8
Q

4 modes of transmission

A

Contact, airborne, vehicles, vector

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9
Q

Normal WBC count in adult

A

5,000-10,000/mm3

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10
Q

What shows infection (3 things) in urinalysis

A

WBC > 10/mm3
Positive nitrates
Positive leukocyte esterace

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11
Q

2 things involved in isolation precautions

A

Transmission based and standard precautions

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12
Q

Medical asepsis

A

Clean (hand hygiene, PPE, etc.)

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13
Q

Surgical asepsis

A

Sterile

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14
Q

First line of defense in infections control

A

Medical asepsis (clean technique)

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15
Q

Airborne precautions and ex

A

Droplet smaller than 5mcg (private room)

Ex: measles, chickenpox, smallpox, TB

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16
Q

Droplet precautions and ex

A

Larger than 5 mcg (private room or cohort)

Ex: pertussis, influenza, pharyngitis

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17
Q

Cohort

A

Someone wth same infection

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18
Q

KSA

A

Knowledge skills attitude

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19
Q

Core competencies

A

Core values

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20
Q

Clinical manifestations

A

Signs and symptoms

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21
Q

Nosocomial infections

A

Healthcare acquired infections

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22
Q

Active immunization and ex

A

Small attenuated/dead organism

Flu shot, hep. B, polio, pneumonia

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23
Q

Passive immunization and ex

A

Antibodies

Rabies, tetanus, chicken pox

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24
Q

Normal bp

A

Systolic

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25
Q

Prehypertension range

A

Systolic 120-139

Diastolic 80-89

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26
Q

Hypertension range

A

Systolic 140-159

Diastolic 90-99

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27
Q

Hypertension stage 2 range

A

Systolic >160

Diastolic > 100

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28
Q

Some impacts of HTN

A

Damage bv, heart, kidneys, brain (stroke), eyes, myocardial infarction, heart failure, renal failure, impaired vision

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29
Q

4 types of meds that treat HTN

A

Diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs

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30
Q

Hypotension and cause

A

Systolic less than 90 can be normal

Caused by: vasodilation, blood loss, heart failure

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31
Q

Clinical manifestations of hypotension

A

Pallor, clammy, dizzy, weak, lightheaded, increase HR, confusion, decrease urine output

32
Q

Orthostatic BP and common causes

A

low BP when rising up; CANT DELEGATE

Cause- dehydration, anemia, prolonged bed rest, recent blood loss, meds

33
Q

Vital signs

A

Reflect physiological status, monitor body functions, info about body response

In this order!!!!!!

TPR
BP
O2 saturation

34
Q

Normal temp range

A

96.8-100.4

35
Q

Most important factor in infection control

A

Temp assessment

36
Q

Pyrexic

A

Febrile (fever)

37
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Temp varies with TOD

higher temps mid-day/early evening

38
Q

Radiation

A

Transfer of body heat to other object w/o direct contact

39
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of body heat to cooler object with direct contact

40
Q

Convection

A

Trans of body heat away by air movement (fan)

CONVection —> CONVince Alex not to use fan

41
Q

Evaporation

A

Continuous, unnoticed water loss from skin and lungs

42
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Visible perspiration

43
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Increase metabolism, urine looks concentrated, dry mouth, WBC count high if infection

44
Q

Symptoms of fever

A

Increase temp, pulses and respirations, shivering, pallid (cold skin), flushed, increased thirst, dehydration, loss of appetite, drowsiness/restlessness

45
Q

Symptoms of hypothermia

A

Decrease temp, pulse and respirations, pale cool skin, frostbite, decreased urine output, hypotension (low BP) disorientation

46
Q

9 pulse sights

A 
Temporal
Carotid
Apical
Brachial
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Dorsalis pedis 
Posterior tibial
47
Q

Peripheral

A

On outside, away from heart

48
Q

Pulse and respirations average rate

A

Pulse 60-100

Respirations 12-20

49
Q

Apical vs radial pulse

A

Never equal, apical is NEVER less than radial. The difference btwn two is pulse deficit

50
Q

Tachycardia and what’s related to

A

pulse > 100 bpm

Fever, blood loss, meds, stress

51
Q

Bradycardia and what’s related to

A

Under 60 bpm

Athlete, arrhythmia

52
Q

Normal oxygen sat

A

95-100% anything under 70% is life threatening

53
Q

Nursing process

A 
Assessment 
Diagnose
Plan 
Implement 
Evaluate
54
Q

Excoriation

A

Reddened or chafed

55
Q

Smegma

A

White/thick cheesy secretion in skin folds

56
Q

Paraphimosis

A

If don’t replace foreskin after cleaning edema will constrict circulation ultimately dies

57
Q

Expectorate

A

To cough or spit out phlegm from lungs

58
Q

Xerostomia

A

Dry mouth syndrome

59
Q

Edema

A

Swelling/fluid build up

60
Q

3 breath sounds

A

Bronchial
Broncho-vesicular
Vesicular

61
Q

Bronchial sounds

A

Loud, high pitched, hollow

2:3 (in is shorter)

62
Q

Broncho-vesicular sounds

A

Medium pitch and loudness
1:1 but sometimes won’t hear out
Between scapulae

63
Q

Vesicular sounds

A

Soft, breezy, low pitched

3:1 ratio (in is much longer)

64
Q

Diminished sounds in lungs indicate

A

Secretions blocking air flow to an area (shallow)

65
Q

Absent sound in lungs indicates

A

Atelectasis, effusion (Fluid, air)

66
Q

Increased sounds in lungs indicates

A

Bronchial sounds, in area of consolidation

67
Q

Added sounds in lungs can be

A

Crackles (moisture, collapsed alveoli)
Rhonchi (secretions in larger airways (squeaky door sound)
Wheezes (narrowed airways)

68
Q

Flatus

A

Gas

69
Q

Order of care when assessing abdomen

A

Look, listen, then feel

70
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Bruising

71
Q

Stoma

A

Opening to where put bowel externally

72
Q

Where do you start when auscultating bowels

A

LRQ

73
Q

How long to hear bowls

A

5-20 secs about 5-30 sounds per min

74
Q

Whooshing sound in abdomin

A

Abdominal aortic aneurism

75
Q

Emesis

A

Vomit

76
Q

Most common indications of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

Unilateral edema

Nursing (14 decks)

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