Fluid Balance/Electrolytes

Question 1

How many pounds in 1 liter

Answer 1

2.2

Question 2

Average adult fluid intake

Answer 2

2200-2700 mL

Question 3

4 body functions that get rid of fluid

Answer 3

Kidneys, lungs, skin, GI

Question 4

Lab values that show kidney function

Answer 4

BUN, creatinine

Question 5

Lab values for urinalysis

Answer 5

pH and specific gravity

Question 6

6 meds to watch for fluid balance

Answer 6

diuretics, steroids, electrolyte supp., antibiotics (affect kidneys), respiratory depressants, NSAID’s

Question 7

Fluid excess

Answer 7

hypervolemia, greater fluid in EXTRAcellular compartment

Question 8

Fluid excess symptoms

Answer 8

sudden weight gain, edema, full neck veins, crackles, BUN less than 10, decreased hematocrit,

Question 9

Cause of fluid excess

Answer 9

IV therapy, kidney failure, heart failure, cirrhosis

Question 10

Cause fluid deficit

Answer 10

Vomit, diarrhea, fever, burns, hemorrhage, confusion/depression, diuretics, third spacing, perspiration

Question 11

Fluid deficit symptoms

Answer 11

sudden weight loss, postural HYPOtension, tachycardia, thready pulse, neck veins flat, slow vein filling, dry mucous membranes, dark yellow urine, inelastic skin turgor, confusion, cold clammy skin

Question 12

Hypernatremia symptoms

Answer 12

Extreme thirst, dry and flushed skin, postural HYPOtension, fever, restlessness, confusion, agitation, coma, seizures, NA > 145, urine specific gravity 1.030

Question 13

HypERnatremia symptoms

Answer 13

OSMOLALITY IMBALANCE
Extreme thirst, dry and flushed skin, postural HYPOtension, fever, restlessness, confusion, agitation, coma, seizures, NA > 145, urine specific gravity 1.030

Question 14

HypOnatremia symptoms

Answer 14

OSMOLALITY IMBALANCE

Apprehension, nausea/vomiting, headaches, decreased consciousness, muscle weakness, seizures, NA

Question 15

Potassium sources and function in body

Answer 15

fruits, potatoes, nuts, molasses
membrane potential of skeletal, smooth/cardiac muscle for normal function, stored in kidney, little room for fluctuations

Question 16

Calcium sources and function in body

Answer 16

dairy, canned fish, broccoli, oranges, VITAMIN D for absorption
Nerve and muscle cells, needed for muscle contraction, bone/teeth, hormones, blood clotting

Question 17

Magnesium sources and function in body

Answer 17

Dark green leafy veggies, whole grains

Neuromuscular junctions

Question 18

Phosphate sources and function in body

Answer 18

milk, processed foods

ATP energy for cells

Question 19

normal sodium value

Answer 19

136-145

Question 20

Normal K value

Answer 20

3.5-5

Question 21

Normal calcium value

Answer 21

8.4-10.5

Question 22

Magnesium value

Answer 22

1.5-2.5

Question 23

Phosphate value

Answer 23

2.7-4.5

Question 24

HypOcalcemia cause

Answer 24

Vit. D deficiency, pancreatitis, chronic renal failure, alcoholism

Question 25

HypOcalcemia symptoms

Answer 25

Numbness, tingling, tetany, muscle cramps, trousseau’s, chvostek’s

Question 26

HypERcalcemia cause

Answer 26

Malignancy, osteoporosis

Question 27

HypERcalcemia symptoms

Answer 27

Causes n/v, weakness, anorexia, flank pain, decreased LOC, cardiac arrest

Question 28

HypOmagnesemia cause/ s&s

Answer 28

malnutrition, alcoholism

Tremors, confusion, hyper deep tendon reflexes

Question 29

HypERmagnesesmia cause/ s&s

Answer 29

renal failure, excess intake

N/V, lethargy, dec. deep tendon reflexes, dec. respirations, hypotension

Question 30

Bicarbonate

Answer 30

Acid-base buffer regulated by kidney

Question 31

HypERkalemia

Answer 31

oliguria (decreased urine output at high risk)

muscle weakness, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, cardiac *dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest

Question 32

HypOkalemia

Answer 32

muscle weakness, abdominal distension, decreased bowel sounds, constipation, dysrhythmias