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Cold War > Quick Notes > Flashcards

Quick Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Grand Alliance

A
  • 1941
  • Marriage of convenience - common aim to defeat Nazi Germany
  • Britain, US, USSR
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2
Q

Tehran

A
  • 1943
  • The USA and Britain invade Europe from the West through France
  • USSR invaded East
  • Open the second front
  • USSR + USA - invade Japan due to the Pearl Harbour
  • Stalin gained Polish territory
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3
Q

Yalta

A
  • 1945 (Feb)
  • Germany pay reparation (Stalin wanted Germany to be weak by paying $20 billion)
  • Each part of Germany to be run by each alliance
  • Germany demilitarised
  • US and Britain wanted to have free elections in East Europe however USSR didn’t want this
  • However agreed that Poland allowed in the Soviet Sphere of Influence’
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4
Q

Potsdam

A
  • 1945 (July)
  • Change in leadership - (Truman didn’t want to comprise with USSR) & (UK - Atlee)
  • Nazi party ban and war criminals prosecuted
  • Berlin and Germany was divided between US, UK, USSR, France
  • Truman wanted free elections in Eastern Europe and not to be liberated by Stalin
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5
Q

Atomic Bomb

A
  • 1945
  • US used it on Hiroshima
  • US used this as an advantage
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6
Q

Long Telegram

A
  • 1946
  • Sent by George Kenan (US ambassador in USSR)
  • Stated - Soviet Union was a threat to capitalism, needed to be destroyed and that the Soviet built military and nuclear power
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7
Q

Novikov Telegram

A
  • 1946
  • Sent by Nikolai Novikov (USSR ambassador in US)
  • Stated - USA wanted to be the greatest superpower, prepared for war and Soviet could only stop USA from becoming dominant
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8
Q

Truman Doctrine

A
  • 1947
  • Truman gave a speech called the ‘Truman Doctrine’
  • Truman was scared all the countries in Eastern Europe and Middle East was going to fall to communism (Domino effect)
  • Iron curtain speech - 1946
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9
Q

Marshall Plan

A
  • 1947
  • Economic assistance and encourage trade
  • Stalin prevented communist nation from receiving Marshall aid
  • Idea of containment (contain communism) - tried to isolate Eastern Europe from the West
  • USSR viewed this as ‘Dollar Imperialism’
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10
Q

Cominform

A
  • 1947
  • Tighten Soviet control
  • Trade between communist countries
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11
Q

Comecon

A
  • 1948

- Financial aid to keep Eastern Bloc

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12
Q

Warsaw Pact

A
  • 1955
  • Resist attack
  • Important when Cominform disbanded in 1956
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13
Q

NATO

A
  • 1949
  • Military alliance
  • ‘Collective attack’ - if one nation is attacked, all countries will fight
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14
Q

Berlin Crisis

A
  • Jan 1947 - US + Britain zones joined (Bizona)
  • April 1949 - US + Britain + France zone join (Trizona)
  • Stalin upset - Used Marshall plan to rebuild Germany
  • Made capitalism look better
  • West Berlin was wealthier due to new currency ‘Deutschmark’
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15
Q

Berlin Ultimatum

A
  • Nov 1958
  • Threaten to remove all US, British, French troops out of Berlin in 6 months
  • Led to more conferences
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16
Q

Geneva conference

A
  • May 1959
  • Seeking agreement on Berlin - however no solution
  • Improved relations
17
Q

Camp David

A
  • Sept 1959
  • Khrushchev on US soil - respect for each other
  • Ultimatum withdrawn
18
Q

Paris Summit

A
  • 1960
  • Agenda - nuclear weapons and Test Ban Treaty
  • Before summit - America U2 plan shot down by USSR - Espionage - however claimed to be a weather plane
  • At summit - Khrushchev wanted apology - Eisenhower denied and Khrushchev left
  • Tension increased
19
Q

Berlin Wall

A
  • August 1961
  • To prevent Brain Drain (lure of west, brain drain, espionage)
  • First a flimsy fence, then a concrete border
  • Made USSR look bad
  • June 1963 - Kennedy flew to West Berlin - ‘Berliner’ speech
20
Q

Cuban missile crisis (before)

A
  • Cuba 145km away from US
  • It was right wing
  • US invested in Cuban Tobacco and sugar
21
Q

Cuban revolution

A
  • 1959
  • Baptista overthrown by Castro - communism rule
  • Nationalised all US owned companies
  • Castro drawn into communism due to USSR helping him as he asked for military support
22
Q

Bay of Pigs

A
  • April 1961
  • Plan to invade Cuba and overthrow communism
  • CIA landed 1400 Cuban exiles to provoke uprising
  • However, exiles had no military training so they were captured
  • Castro was informed of this invasion and prepare with 2000 troops
23
Q

Cuban missile crisis

A
  • Oct 1962
  • US discovered missile site on Cuba
  • Also found Soviet ships with nuclear missiles to Cuba
  • Kennedy avoided invasion so blocked the Soviet ships
  • USSR didn’t attack as it would result in war
  • Compromised - US removed missile on Turkey if USSR remove missile on Cuba
24
Q

Cuban missile crisis showed…

A
  • None wanted war
  • Hotline created between US and USSR for easy communication
  • USSR looked weaker than US
  • Khrushchev removed as a leader
  • USSR and Cuban relations improved
25
Q

Limited Test Ban Treaty

A
  • Aug 1963

- Cannot test above ground

26
Q

Outer Space Treaty

A
  • 1967

- Can’t test above Earth surface

27
Q

Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty

A
  • 1668

- Stop US and USSR sharing nuclear missiles

28
Q

SALT 1

A
  • 1972
  • Strategic arms limitation treaty
  • Nuclear weapons limitation treaty
  • No new ICBM’s (only replaced)
  • No new nuclear launch site
  • No nuclear submarine
  • Showed collaboration and paused arms race
29
Q

Other agreement

A
  • US + USSR agreed on two Anti Ballistic Missile
  • So both remain vulnerable (cannot block missile)
  • MAD was mutual
30
Q

Helsinki

A
  • 1975
  • Helsinki Accord - signed by 35 countries
  • Basket 1 - Borders couldn’t be broke
  • Basket 2 - Promote trade over Iron Curtain - develop economic dependence - less likely war
  • Basket 3 - Respect human rights
    However - not official as USSR and Brezhnev Doctrine and US intervene in Latin America
31
Q

SALT 2

A
  • 1979
  • Stop developing new missile programme
  • Allowed 1,320 long range missile
32
Q

Ronald Reagan

A
  • 1981
  • Anti communist
  • Stars Wars - nuclear system - 1983
  • System of satellites to shoot any missiles
  • Swing nuclear balance to US favour
33
Q

Gorbachev reforms

A
  • Perestroika - restructuring
  • Living standards low - due to money spent on arms
  • Wanted to end Afghan war
    Glasnost - openness - greater freedom
34
Q

Soviet collapse

A
  • Brezhnev Doctrine ended - 1988
  • Needed to revive economy
  • Warsaw Pact and Arms race cost
  • 1988 - wouldn’t use Warsaw Pact and army to control satellite states

Cold War (7 decks)

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