Quick Facts Flashcards
What is the ABO antigen system?
It is the different classes of human blood.
What part of the blood is classified?
The red blood cells are distinguished
What other blood is compatible with type A?
Type A or O
What other blood is compatible with Type B?
Type B or O
What other blood is compatible with Type O?
Type O Only
What other blood is compatible with Type AB?
Type A, B, or O
What is another name for acetylsalicylic acid?
Aspirin
What is the indication to give acetylsalicylic acid?
Mild to moderate pain
Does aspirin increase or decrease the effects of methotrexate?
Increase
What is methotrexate used for?
Chemotherapy agent & rheumatoid arthritis
What is the primary symptom of Acid Reflux (GERD)?
Heartburn (pyrosis)
What test confirms GERD?
Barium swallow fluoroscopy
What malfunction allows reflux in GERD?
Lower esophageal sphincter
What is the client teaching Of GERD?
Low-fat, high-protein diet, take antacids, avoid lying flat after meals
What virus that causes AIDS?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
How is HIV transmitted?
Sexual intercourse Direct contact with infected blood/body fluids (body fluids semen, breast milk)
What are symptoms of HIV?
Fever, weight loss, night sweats, diarrhea, fatigue
How is the presence of HIV confirmed?
Screening is done FIRST to see if HIV antibodies are present. The test is performed to specifically identify the HIV antibodies.
What is the screening test for HIV?
ELISA
What confirms the screening test for HIV?
HIV differentiation assay
Western blot no longer used
How does HIV attack the body?
It attacks the immune system by destroying T-lymphocytes. The virus also rapidly self-replicates.
What is so important about T-lymphocytes?
T cells help the immune system recognize and fight pathogens.
What is another name for T-lymphocytes?
CD4 cells
Why is CD4 count important?
The lower the CD4 count the more damage the virus has done to the body.
What is a normal CD4 count?
500-1500
What is the normal CD4 count in a client with HIV?
Anything at or above 500. Client is considered in good health. If below 200 HIV has progressed to AIDS.
If a client’s CD4 count is below 200, client is at risk for what?
opportunistic infections
List some opportunistic infections?
- Oral pharyngeal candida infection (Mouth fungus)
- Kaposi’s sarcoma (skin cancer)
- Pneumocystis pneumonia
- Cytomegalovirus (blindness)
- Meningitis
What is the goal of HIV medications?
To interfere with the virus replicating
The most important HIV medication to Know is..
Zidovudine
What isolation precautions are used with HIV
Universal precautions, patients do not have to tell they have HIV, treat everyone the same
How do the precautions change with AIDS?
If the client has a low CD4 count and is at risk for opportunistic infection implement private room, reverse isolation, RN wears gown, goggles, and mask when in direct contact with blood or body fluids.
What are teaching points for parents who have a child with HIV?
- Clean up bodyfluid/ blood with 10.01 water to bleach ratio.
- Get all immunizations except live one (MMR varicella and oral poliovirus)
- High calorie, High protein diet
- Use gloves to change diapers
(ARF): During the oliguric phase,what will you see?
This phase lasts 1 to 2 weeks. Low urine output <400 hyperkalemia, HTN, elevated BUN/creatinine fluid overload
What is the definition of acute renal failure (ARF)?
Sudden loss of kidney function to excrete toxins and regulate fluids and electrolytes
What are some possible causes of acute renal failure?
Infection
Obstruction
Shock
(ARF):What two electrolytes will be elevated?
Sodium
Phosphate
(ARF) there are three phases; what are they?
Oliguric
Diuretic
Recovery
(ARF)the diuretic phase is second;what will you see?
Urine output slowly returns, hypokalemia, hypotension
(ARF)What does the recovery phase mean?
The kidneys are recovering through a slow process. Urine output increases and BUN is normal
(ARF)What are nursing interventions?
Daily weights, strict I & O’s, treat the causes of renal failure and diuretics
(ARF) Diet?
High carbs low protein
Adams-Stokes Where is the complication located?
This is a heart problem
Adams-Stokes Syndrome; What will the client experience?
Sudden attacks of syncope & Fainting. Seizures may also be present.
What will the nurse on the EKG?
Asystole or ventricular arrhythmias.
Is there adequate tissue perfusion during the attacks?
No there will be no tissue perfusion.
What is the treatment?
The client will need an internal pacemaker via surgery.
Adams-Stokes Syndrome; What oral medications can be given after surgery?
Digoxin
Addison’s Disease;What is the cause?
A low production of hormones by Adrenal gland. (glucocorticoids & mineralocorticoids.)
