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Quick Facts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ABO antigen system?

A

It is the different classes of human blood.

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2
Q

What part of the blood is classified?

A

The red blood cells are distinguished

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3
Q

What other blood is compatible with type A?

A

Type A or O

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4
Q

What other blood is compatible with Type B?

A

Type B or O

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5
Q

What other blood is compatible with Type O?

A

Type O Only

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6
Q

What other blood is compatible with Type AB?

A

Type A, B, or O

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7
Q

What is another name for acetylsalicylic acid?

A

Aspirin

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8
Q

What is the indication to give acetylsalicylic acid?

A

Mild to moderate pain

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9
Q

Does aspirin increase or decrease the effects of methotrexate?

A

Increase

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10
Q

What is methotrexate used for?

A

Chemotherapy agent & rheumatoid arthritis

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11
Q

What is the primary symptom of Acid Reflux (GERD)?

A

Heartburn (pyrosis)

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12
Q

What test confirms GERD?

A

Barium swallow fluoroscopy

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13
Q

What malfunction allows reflux in GERD?

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

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14
Q

What is the client teaching Of GERD?

A

Low-fat, high-protein diet, take antacids, avoid lying flat after meals

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15
Q

What virus that causes AIDS?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

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16
Q

How is HIV transmitted?

A

Sexual intercourse Direct contact with infected blood/body fluids (body fluids semen, breast milk)

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17
Q

What are symptoms of HIV?

A

Fever, weight loss, night sweats, diarrhea, fatigue

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18
Q

How is the presence of HIV confirmed?

A

Screening is done FIRST to see if HIV antibodies are present. The test is performed to specifically identify the HIV antibodies.

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19
Q

What is the screening test for HIV?

A

ELISA

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20
Q

What confirms the screening test for HIV?

A

HIV differentiation assay

Western blot no longer used

21
Q

How does HIV attack the body?

A

It attacks the immune system by destroying T-lymphocytes. The virus also rapidly self-replicates.

22
Q

What is so important about T-lymphocytes?

A

T cells help the immune system recognize and fight pathogens.

23
Q

What is another name for T-lymphocytes?

A

CD4 cells

24
Q

Why is CD4 count important?

A

The lower the CD4 count the more damage the virus has done to the body.

25
Q

What is a normal CD4 count?

A

500-1500

26
Q

What is the normal CD4 count in a client with HIV?

A

Anything at or above 500. Client is considered in good health. If below 200 HIV has progressed to AIDS.

27
Q

If a client’s CD4 count is below 200, client is at risk for what?

A

opportunistic infections

28
Q

List some opportunistic infections?

A
  • Oral pharyngeal candida infection (Mouth fungus)
  • Kaposi’s sarcoma (skin cancer)
  • Pneumocystis pneumonia
  • Cytomegalovirus (blindness)
  • Meningitis
29
Q

What is the goal of HIV medications?

A

To interfere with the virus replicating

30
Q

The most important HIV medication to Know is..

A

Zidovudine

31
Q

What isolation precautions are used with HIV

A

Universal precautions, patients do not have to tell they have HIV, treat everyone the same

32
Q

How do the precautions change with AIDS?

A

If the client has a low CD4 count and is at risk for opportunistic infection implement private room, reverse isolation, RN wears gown, goggles, and mask when in direct contact with blood or body fluids.

33
Q

What are teaching points for parents who have a child with HIV?

A
  • Clean up bodyfluid/ blood with 10.01 water to bleach ratio.
  • Get all immunizations except live one (MMR varicella and oral poliovirus)
  • High calorie, High protein diet
  • Use gloves to change diapers
34
Q

(ARF): During the oliguric phase,what will you see?

A

This phase lasts 1 to 2 weeks. Low urine output <400 hyperkalemia, HTN, elevated BUN/creatinine fluid overload

35
Q

What is the definition of acute renal failure (ARF)?

A

Sudden loss of kidney function to excrete toxins and regulate fluids and electrolytes

36
Q

What are some possible causes of acute renal failure?

A

Infection
Obstruction
Shock

37
Q

(ARF):What two electrolytes will be elevated?

A

Sodium

Phosphate

38
Q

(ARF) there are three phases; what are they?

A

Oliguric
Diuretic
Recovery

39
Q

(ARF)the diuretic phase is second;what will you see?

A

Urine output slowly returns, hypokalemia, hypotension

40
Q

(ARF)What does the recovery phase mean?

A

The kidneys are recovering through a slow process. Urine output increases and BUN is normal

41
Q

(ARF)What are nursing interventions?

A

Daily weights, strict I & O’s, treat the causes of renal failure and diuretics

42
Q

(ARF) Diet?

A

High carbs low protein

43
Q

Adams-Stokes Where is the complication located?

A

This is a heart problem

44
Q

Adams-Stokes Syndrome; What will the client experience?

A

Sudden attacks of syncope & Fainting. Seizures may also be present.

45
Q

What will the nurse on the EKG?

A

Asystole or ventricular arrhythmias.

46
Q

Is there adequate tissue perfusion during the attacks?

A

No there will be no tissue perfusion.

47
Q

What is the treatment?

A

The client will need an internal pacemaker via surgery.

48
Q

Adams-Stokes Syndrome; What oral medications can be given after surgery?

A

Digoxin

49
Q

Addison’s Disease;What is the cause?

A

A low production of hormones by Adrenal gland. (glucocorticoids & mineralocorticoids.)

Practice (11 decks)

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