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Clin Path > quick > Flashcards

quick Flashcards

1
Q

Canine hypoadrenocorticism

A

Addisons
dehy, shock, poor appetite, lethargy, vomit, weakness, slow HR, melena, hypothermia

mild/mod non reg anemia
lack of stress leukogram

pre renal azotemia, Increase BUN (dehydration, GI hemorrhage)
HYPOGLYCEMIA
hyponatremia (addisons crisis)
hyperkalemia Na:K ratio <27 suggestive

test: electrolytes and ACTH STIM**test of choice

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2
Q

ACTH STIM test

A

if adrenal cortex is atrophied, it cant produce cortisol in respinse to synthetic ACTH

normal: will increase
addisons: < refer interv is dx
* if # @ 0hr is same as # @ 1hr= addisons or iatrogenic cushings

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3
Q

Canine hyperadrenocorticism

A

Cushings
PU/PD, POT BELLY. muscle weakness, alopecia, calcinosis cutis, cutaneous hyperpigmentation, poodles

mild polycythemia, STRESS luek

Increase ALP, CHOL, ALT

UA: low SG, UTI (immunosuppressed)

Cause: pituitary adenoma**, adrenalcortical tumor, iatrogenic

Test: ALP*, LDDST, ACTH STIM

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4
Q

LDDST

Low dose dex suppression test

A

inject dexamethasone

Healthy: pituitary secretes less ACTH- decrease serum level

Pituitary tumor- cortisol production not suppressed, but sometimes will…

Adrenal tumor: cortisol production NEVER suppresses

8hr= confirmatory test (y or n)
increase= norm
decrease= cushings
4hr= differentiating test
increase= not suppressed- HAC either PDH ot AT
decrease= suppressed- PDH (if below ref inter or below half of baseline)
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5
Q

Pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism results will _____ @ 4hrs

A

suppress

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6
Q

Adrenal tumor hyperadrenocorticism results will ____ @ 4hrs

A

NOT suppress

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7
Q

Canine hypothyroidism

A

weight gain, cold intolerant, cold ears, slow HR, lethary, skin lesions, alopecia, shedding, poor haircoat

mild/mod non reg anemia
decrease metabolic rate, O2 demand- decrease EPO

Increase CHOL

Tests: TT4 low, FT4 low, TSH high

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8
Q

Primary hypothyroidism test results

A

TT4 low
FT4 low
TSH high

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9
Q

Secondary hypothyroidism

A

TT4 low
FT4 low
TSH low

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10
Q

Euthyroid sick syndrome

A

TT4 low
FT4 norm
TSH norm

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11
Q

Feline hyperthyroidism

A

palpable thyroid slip, fast HR, polyphagia, wt loss, hyperactivity (like a kitten), diarrhea

polycythemia, heinz bodies, stress leuk
increase metabolic rate, O2 demand- increase EPO
T4 directly stimulates BM erythropoiesis

increase ALT, ALP
azotemia (pre-renal dehyd, renal concurrent primary renal insufficiency)

test: Total T4 (TT4)= increase in hyperT cats
(FT4 expensive)

**W/ TX AZOTEMIA IS COMMONLY UNMASKED

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12
Q

What causes us to unmask azotemia when treating?

A

feline hyperthyroidism!!
increaes GFR due to increase cardiac output
less muscle mass- low Crea

super common to unmask renal dz when treating hyperthyroidism

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13
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

increae PTH- increase Ca, Decrease Phos

parathyroid adenoma

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14
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

decrease PTH- decrease Ca, Increaes Phos

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15
Q

Causes of hypercalcemia

A

hyperparathyroidism
lymphoma
perianal gland adenocarcinoma
mammary carcinoma

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16
Q

ADH response test

A

administer desmopression & monitor USG

conc urine= Central diabetes insipidus (CDI)
dilute urine= Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI)

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17
Q

Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a deficiency in ____

A

ADH

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18
Q

Increase retics

A

good bone marrow, regeneration?

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19
Q

Increase MCV

A

reticulocytes increased
agglutination
FeLV?

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20
Q

Decrease lymphs

A

stress/cortisol (increase monos)

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21
Q

Increase bands

A

inflam, left shift

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22
Q

Decrease MCV

A

iron def anemia

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23
Q

Increase segs/neutrophils

A

inflam

24
Q

Decrease retics, PCV, WBC

A

Bone marrow failure

25
Q

Decrease MHC

A

iron def anemia

regenerative anemia

26
Q

Increase TP, Na, Cl

A

dehyrdation

27
Q

Increase CK

A

myopathy

28
Q

Increase lymphs

A

excited cat
neoplasia, antigen, addisons
>30,000 leukemia

29
Q

X2 segs

A

inflam

30
Q

Increase Glob

A

dehydration

antigenic stimulation

31
Q

Increase phos

A

decrease GFR?

phos is excreted thru kidney

32
Q

Increase Alb

A

dehydration

33
Q

Increase ALT

A

hepatocellular injury

34
Q

Increase AST

A

hepatocellular injury

muscle damage

35
Q

**Increase Glu

A

diabetes/acute pancreatitis

36
Q

Spherocytes, agglutination, IV hemolysis, pale cells no Hg

A

IMHA

cockers

37
Q

Low MCV, microcytosis, Increase PLT, Increase palor, blister cells, Increase RDW, keratocytes, schistocytes

A

iron def anemia

GI bleed

38
Q

Increase Chol, low Alb, proteinuria, edema

A

serious glomerular disease

39
Q

Respiratory acidosis is caused from

A

HYPOventilation

40
Q

Metabolic acidosis is caused from

A

POOP

KLUE

41
Q

Respiratory alkalosis is caused from

A

HYPERventilation

42
Q

Metabolic alkalosis is caused from

A

VOMIT

43
Q

Cow increase Phos, Glu, Alb

low K

A

GI obstruction

44
Q

Common causes of thrombocytopenia

A

ehrlichiosis
immune mediated thrombocytopenia <20,000
DIC

45
Q

rattle snake venom or electrolyte imbalance

A

echinocytes

46
Q

Increased MCHC

A

Failure to fast the patient before bleeding
Tylenol toxicosis
Onion toxicosis
Mycoplasma haemofelis infection

47
Q

Basophilic stippling

A

lead poisoning/toxicosis

48
Q

What would be most effective in differentiating polycythemia caused by inappropriate erythropoietin production from polycythemia caused by appropriate
erythropoietin production?

A

bone marrow aspirate

49
Q

Heinz body anemia causes

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis
Acetaminophen toxicosis
Onion toxicosis
Garlic toxicosis

50
Q

inherited neutrophil abnormalities

A

Pelger huet anomaly
Birman cat neutrophil anomaly
Alder-Reilly bodies (neutrophil granules) in Mucopolysachharidosis
Chediak-Higashi syndrome

51
Q

A buccal mucosal bleeding time evaluates which of the following aspects of hemostasis?

A

Adequate platelet number and function.

52
Q

Which coagulation factors are dependent upon vitamin K for their activity?

A

Coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X

53
Q

Bone marrow neoplasia
Severe overwhelming inflammation
Parvovirus
Feline Leukemia

will see a decrease in what?

A

neutrophils

neutropenia

54
Q

The presence of acanthocytes can be associated with underlying ______

A

hemangiosarcoma

55
Q

The presence of echinocytes can be associated with ____

A

rattle snake envenomation

56
Q

Microcytic red cells are most commonly associated with _____

A

an iron deficiency anemia

57
Q

What is the most common chem abnormality associated with feline hyperthyroidism?

A

increase ALT

Clin Path (6 decks)

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