Questions Part A

Question 1

How do you calculate the purity of a DNA sample, and what is the acceptable range?

Answer 1

Absorbance at 260nm divided by the reading at 280nm. Good-quality DNA will have an A260/A280 ratio of 1.8–2.0.

Question 2

Calculate the volume in mL of a 50 mg/mL ampicillin stock solution required to make 600 mL of LB with a final concentration of ampicillin at 100 µg/mL. Record the correct amount, rounded to one decimal place.

Answer 2

1.2

Question 3

Calculate the volume in mL of a 10 M NaOH stock solution required to make 500 mL of 100 mM NaOH? Record the correct amount below.

Answer 3

5.0

Question 4

Your supervisor asks you to make a 1 M solution of MgCl2. Which of the following could you use to calculate the mass of MgCl2 required to make the solution?

Answer 4

Molecular mass, formula weight, molecular weight

Question 5

NaCl bond

Answer 5

Ionic

Question 6

H2O bond

Answer 6

Polar covalent

Question 7

CH4 bond

Answer 7

Nonpolar covalent

Question 8

Which unit should be used to calculate the amount of compound required to make a solution?

Answer 8

Molecular weight

Question 9

Carbohydrates, example and function

Answer 9

cellulose- energy storage, receptors, structure of plant cell wall.

Question 10

Lipids, example and function

Answer 10

cholesterol- membrane structure, energy storage, insulation.

Question 11

Proteins, example and function

Answer 11

enzymes- structure, receptors, transport.

Question 12

Nucleic acids, example and function

Answer 12

RNA- information storage and transfer.

Question 13

Carbon dioxide as a by-product benefits the brewing and baking industry in a process called fermentation. When microorganisms (usually yeast) undergo fermentation, they obtain their energy by:

Answer 13

Anaerobic respiration

Question 14

Select the option that represents the correct order of assembly in the cell

Answer 14

Amino acid, polypeptide, protein

Question 15

What is a disadvantage to using prokaryotes in the production of biopharmaceuticals?

Answer 15

Prokaryotes are unable to properly fold and assemble more complicated eukaryotic proteins.

Question 16

Which structure regulates the flow of molecules into and out of the cell?

Answer 16

Plasma membrane

Question 17

Which of the following features of bacterial plasmids can be used as a marker when growing bacterial cultures?

Answer 17

Antibiotic resistance gene

Question 18

Steps to do quadrant streaking:

Answer 18

1. Flame loop and let it cool/Aseptically open a new disposable loop
2. Open lid of petri plate just enough to insert the loop
3. Streak across quadrant 1 into quadrant 2
4. Streak back and forth to cover quadrant 2

Question 19

What is the purpose of using the quadrant method when streaking bacteria on agar plates?

Answer 19

To dilute out individual bacterial cells leading to isolated colonies

Question 20

What are some advances in PCR methodology?

Answer 20

-The invention of the thermal cycler
-The use of reverse transcriptase to generate cDNA from single-stranded RNA
-The use of fluorescently-tagged probes for real-time quantitation of PCR products

Question 21

True or false: GMOs cross-breeding with non-GMOs are beneficial

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Major steps in product production:

Answer 22

Quality Control tests, and approves or rejects raw materials, following test records
Manufacturing produces the product following a batch record
Quality Control tests the final product following test records
Quality Assurance approves or rejects the final product based on final product specifications

Question 23

(True/false) Patenting a new biopharmaceutical will give a company exclusive rights to manufacture the product for a term of thirty years in the U.S. One reason the U.S. government does this is to incentivize companies to invest in developing new drugs, with the security of knowing they might off-set development costs through revenue gained by selling the drug exclusively.

Answer 23

False- it lasts 20 years

Question 24

Why must a company manufacturing a controlled product maintain documentation on all processes and checks?

Answer 24

Provides evidence of
-Correct manufacturing and testing
-Proper procedure
-Functional equipment
-Acts as a traceable record for FDA during inspections

Question 25

Mixes or homogenizes small volume solutions

Answer 25

Vortexer

Question 26

Enclosed, ventilated lab workspace

Answer 26

Biosafety Cabinet

Question 27

Measures mass

Answer 27

Balance

Question 28

Separates substances based on density

Answer 28

Centrifuge

Question 29

The enzyme maltase catalyzes the break down of maltose into glucose. A technician added maltase to a solution of maltose to be incubated at 37°C for 20 minutes. Samples were taken from the reaction tube every five minutes, and the glucose and maltose concentrations were measured.
Which of the following is an appropriate negative control for this experiment?

Water incubated with maltase
Maltose incubated with water
Glucose incubated with maltase
Maltose incubated with amylase

Answer 29

Maltose incubated with water

Question 30

In recombinant DNA technology, DNA ligase is used to rejoin which bonds in DNA?

Answer 30

Phosphodiester

Question 31

What makes cells chemically competent?

Answer 31

Permeability to DNA

Question 32

Steps of PCR

Answer 32

1.Denature
2.Hybridize to target DNA
3.Extend

Question 33

Separates proteins based on solubility in water

Answer 33

Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC

Question 34

What do diagnostic immunoassays for infectious diseases use antibodies to react with?

Answer 34

Antigens from the pathogen

Question 35

Sandwich ELISAs are commonly used in commercial diagnostic kits because of the increased accuracy of the assay. Which of the following contributes to the increased level of accuracy?

Answer 35

The antigen must be recognized by two primary antibodies for the assay to give a positive result.