Questions of book for Exam 2

Question 1

Why are aspirin and aspirin-containing drugs avoided for use with children?

Answer 1

Aspirin is associated with the development of Reye’s syndrome.

Question 2

Which anti-inflammatory drug class is similar to the natural cortisol your adrenal glands
produce?

Answer 2

Corticosteroids

Question 3

Which drug is an H1 histamine blocker?

Answer 3

cetirizine (Zyrtec)

Question 4

What is the most common side effect of any leukotriene inhibitor?

Answer 4

Headache and abdominal pain

Question 5

How are most disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs administered?

Answer 5

Subcutaneous injection

Question 6

The patient prescribed fexofenadine (Allegra) for a nasal allergy reports that his mouth is dry
and sticky. What is your best response or action?

Answer 6

Instruct the patient to reduce the dosage of this drug.

Question 7

For which patient should the antihistamine diphenhydramine (Benadryl) be avoided?

Answer 7

65-year-old man who has an enlarged prostate

Question 8

What is the most important question to ask any patient before he or she starts antibacterial
therapy?

Answer 8

A. When did you last eat or drink?
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B. Is your temperature elevated?
C. Do you have any known drug allergies?
D. How often do you drink alcoholic beverages?

Question 9

Which aminoglycoside antibacterial drug is often prescribed to treat tuberculosis?

Answer 9

A. streptomycin
B. azithromycin (Zithromax)
C. demeclocycline (Declomycin)
D. trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Septra)

Question 10

Indicate which cephalosporin drugs are third generation. (Select all that apply.)

Answer 10

A. cefazolin (Ancef)
B. cefaclor (Ceclor)
C. cefdinir (Spectracef)
D. cefepime (Maxipime)
E. cefuroxime (Ceftin)
F. ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
G. cephalexin (Keflex)
H. cefpodoxime (Vantin)

Question 11

Which drug group has the adverse reactions of reducing hearing and kidney function?

Answer 11

A. Macrolides
B. Penicillins
C. Cephalosporins
D. Aminoglycosides

Question 12

Which drugs should be avoided for newborns and infants unless an infection is so severe that it is
life threatening? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 12

A. amikacin (Amikin)
B. azithromycin (Zithromax)
C. cefdinir (Omnicef)
D. clarithromycin (Biaxin)
E. demeclocycline (Declomycin)
F. moxifloxacin (Avelox)
G. penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin LA)
H. trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

Question 13

Antibacterial drugs that are toxic to the kidneys (nephrotoxic) are more likely to be toxic to which
other organ or tissue?

Answer 13

A. Ears
B. Brain
C. Liver
D. Lungs

Question 14

Which antibacterial drug is most commonly associated with “red man syndrome”?

Answer 14

A. amikacin (Amikin)
B. erythromycin (E-mycin)
C. penicillin V potassium (Pen-VK)
D. vancomycin (Vancocin)

Question 15

A patient prescribed to take oral penicillin tells you that all of the following problems occurred
the last time she took penicillin. Which problem is a true allergic reaction?

Answer 15

A. Strong-smelling urine
B. Hives and rash
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C. Oral thrush
D. Diarrhea

Question 16

Why should a patient who has a bacterial infection and who is immunosuppressed be treated
with a drug that is bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic?

Answer 16

A. Bacteriostatic drugs are more likely to trigger allergic responses
than are bactericidal drugs.
B. Bactericidal drugs also prevent overgrowth of normal flora and
bacteriostatic drugs do not exert this action.
C. The effectiveness of a bacteriostatic drug relies on the patient’s
immune system to eradicate the infectious bacteria.
D. The activity of bacteriostatic drugs further suppresses the immune
response and increases the risk for opportunistic infections.

Question 17

A patient who has been taking tetracycline for a week tells you that a cheesy white substance on
the gums and roof of the mouth has appeared. What is your best suggestion?

Answer 17

A. “Drink at least 3 liters of water each day and avoid all dairy
products while you are on this drug.”
B. “Go immediately to the emergency room because this is a sign of a
serious allergic reaction.”
C. “Stop taking the drug and notify your prescriber because this is a
sign of the beginning of an allergic reaction.”
D. “Brush your teeth at least three times a day and use mouthwash to
help clear this yeast infection.”

Question 18

When you check on a patient receiving cefazolin (Kefzol) IV 15 minutes after the drug was
started, the patient tells you, “I can’t swallow, my chest hurts, and I feel like something bad is going
to happen, but I don’t know what.” What do you do first?

Answer 18

A. Discontinue the IV.
B. Notify the prescriber.
C. Stop the drug infusion.
D. Check the arms, chest, and back for hives or a rash.

Question 19

What is the most important action or precaution to teach a patient prescribed to take any
antibacterial drug?

Answer 19

A. Always take the drug with food or milk.
B. Always take the drug for as long as it was prescribed.
C. Never drink caffeine or alcohol while taking an antibacterial drug.
D. Be sure to swallow all antibacterial tablets whole rather than
chewing them.

Question 20

Which drug can cause a tendon rupture in a patient who also takes a corticosteroid daily?

Answer 20

A. amikacin (Amikan)
B. linezolid (Zyvox)
C. vancomycin (Vancocin)
D. levofloxacin (Levaquin)

Question 21

Which drugs can cause photosensitivity and increase the risk for severe sunburn? (Select all that
apply.)

Answer 21

A. amoxicillin (Amoxil)
B. cephalexin (Keflex)
C. erythromycin (E-mycin)
D. lomefloxacin (Maxaquin)
E. minocycline (Dynacin)
F. penicillin V potassium (Pen-VK)
G. sulfasoxazole (Gantrisin pediatric)
H. vancomycin (Vancocin)

Question 22

Which result is an expected outcome of antiviral therapy?

Answer 22

A. The patient develops immunity against reinfection with the same
virus.
B. The patient’s natural immunity is “boosted” as a result of drug
therapy.
C. Viruses are killed upon interacting with the drug.
D. Viral replication is suppressed.

Question 23

For what viral infection is ribavirin most commonly used?

Answer 23

A. Hepatitis B (HVB)
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B. Herpes simplex type 2 (HSV2)
C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
D. Late stage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 24

Which food, drug, or beverage should patients be taught to avoid while taking adefovir dipivoxil
(Hepsera)?

Answer 24

Which food, drug, or beverage should patients be taught to avoid while taking adefovir dipivoxil
(Hepsera)?

Question 25

What is the most common side effect of drugs from the protease inhibitor class?

Answer 25

A. Increased risk for leukemia
B. Uncontrolled bleeding
C. Injection site pain
D. Liver toxicity

Question 26

Which antiretroviral drug belongs to the integrase inhibitor class?

Answer 26

A. darunavir (Prezista)
B. delavirdine (Rescriptor)
C. didanosine (Videx)
D. dolutegravir (TIVICAY)

Question 27

Which antiretroviral drugs are not approved for use in children? Select all that apply.

Answer 27

A. atazanavir (Reyataz)
B. efavirenz (Sustiva)
C. emtricitabine (Emtriva)
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D. maraviroc (Selzentry)
E. raltegravir (Isentress)
F. rilpivirine (EDURANT)
G. tenofovir (Viread)
H. tipranavir (Aptivus)

Question 28

Acyclovir (Zovirax) is prescribed for a patient who takes phenytoin (Dilantin) for seizure control.
How should drug therapy for this patient be altered?

Answer 28

A. The phenytoin should be stopped because it inactivates acyclovir.
B. The phenytoin dose should be increased because acyclovir reduces
its effectiveness.
C. The acyclovir dose should be increased because phenytoin
enhances the excretion of acyclovir.
D. The oral dose of acyclovir should

Question 29

Which health care professional should avoid caring for a patient receiving ribavirin by aerosol
inhalation?

Answer 29

A. A 25-year-old who is HIV positive
B. A 29-year-old who is 2 months pregnant
C. A 50-year-old who has herpes simplex type 2
D. A 62-year-old receiving radiation therapy for breast cancer

Question 30

Why does rimantadine (Flumadine) have fewer nervous system side effects than amantadine
(Symmetrel)?

Answer 30

A. Amantadine has a half-life that is twice as long as rimantadine.
B. Amantadine is more effective at suppressing viral replication than
rimantadine.
C. Rimantadine is administered orally and amantadine is
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administered intravenously.
D. Rimantadine concentrates more in the respiratory system and less
in the brain than amantadine.

Question 31

Which precaution is most important to teach a patient prescribed to take zanamivir (Relenza)?

Answer 31

A. Avoid using a spacer.
B. Take the drug with food or milk.
C. Drink a full glass of water with each dose.
D. Report any pain or redness at the injection site to the prescriber.

Question 32

A patient who is prescribed highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is flying to a wedding
and will be gone 1 day. He asks if he can skip his drugs that day so that he doesn’t have to show
them all at the airport. What is your best response?

Answer 32

A. “Yes, just 1 day off your drugs will not make any difference.”
B. “Yes, as long as you avoid direct contact with anyone who is ill.”
C. “No, even 1 day off the drugs can help the virus become drug
resistant.”
D. “No, even 1 day off the drugs increases the chances that you can
spread the disease.”

Question 33

Which statement made by a patient prescribed to take lamivudine (Epivir) orally daily indicates
correct understanding of therapy with this drug?

Answer 33

A. “I will avoid fatty foods and fried foods.”
B. “I will report flulike symptoms to the prescriber immediately.”
C. “I will avoid drinking any beverages that contain caffeine.”
D. “I will stop this drug immediately if I become pregnant.”