Questions of book for Exam 2 Flashcards
Why are aspirin and aspirin-containing drugs avoided for use with children?
Aspirin is associated with the development of Reye’s syndrome.
Which anti-inflammatory drug class is similar to the natural cortisol your adrenal glands produce?
Corticosteroids
Which drug is an H1 histamine blocker?
cetirizine (Zyrtec)
What is the most common side effect of any leukotriene inhibitor?
Headache and abdominal pain
How are most disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs administered?
Subcutaneous injection
The patient prescribed fexofenadine (Allegra) for a nasal allergy reports that his mouth is dry
and sticky. What is your best response or action?
Instruct the patient to reduce the dosage of this drug.
For which patient should the antihistamine diphenhydramine (Benadryl) be avoided?
65-year-old man who has an enlarged prostate
What is the most important question to ask any patient before he or she starts antibacterial
therapy?
A. When did you last eat or drink? 275 B. Is your temperature elevated? C. Do you have any known drug allergies? D. How often do you drink alcoholic beverages?
Which aminoglycoside antibacterial drug is often prescribed to treat tuberculosis?
A. streptomycin
B. azithromycin (Zithromax)
C. demeclocycline (Declomycin)
D. trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Septra)
Indicate which cephalosporin drugs are third generation. (Select all that apply.)
A. cefazolin (Ancef) B. cefaclor (Ceclor) C. cefdinir (Spectracef) D. cefepime (Maxipime) E. cefuroxime (Ceftin) F. ceftriaxone (Rocephin) G. cephalexin (Keflex) H. cefpodoxime (Vantin)
Which drug group has the adverse reactions of reducing hearing and kidney function?
A. Macrolides
B. Penicillins
C. Cephalosporins
D. Aminoglycosides
Which drugs should be avoided for newborns and infants unless an infection is so severe that it is
life threatening? (Select all that apply.)
A. amikacin (Amikin) B. azithromycin (Zithromax) C. cefdinir (Omnicef) D. clarithromycin (Biaxin) E. demeclocycline (Declomycin) F. moxifloxacin (Avelox) G. penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin LA) H. trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Antibacterial drugs that are toxic to the kidneys (nephrotoxic) are more likely to be toxic to which
other organ or tissue?
A. Ears
B. Brain
C. Liver
D. Lungs
Which antibacterial drug is most commonly associated with “red man syndrome”?
A. amikacin (Amikin)
B. erythromycin (E-mycin)
C. penicillin V potassium (Pen-VK)
D. vancomycin (Vancocin)
A patient prescribed to take oral penicillin tells you that all of the following problems occurred
the last time she took penicillin. Which problem is a true allergic reaction?
A. Strong-smelling urine B. Hives and rash 277 C. Oral thrush D. Diarrhea
Why should a patient who has a bacterial infection and who is immunosuppressed be treated
with a drug that is bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic?
A. Bacteriostatic drugs are more likely to trigger allergic responses
than are bactericidal drugs.
B. Bactericidal drugs also prevent overgrowth of normal flora and
bacteriostatic drugs do not exert this action.
C. The effectiveness of a bacteriostatic drug relies on the patient’s
immune system to eradicate the infectious bacteria.
D. The activity of bacteriostatic drugs further suppresses the immune
response and increases the risk for opportunistic infections.
A patient who has been taking tetracycline for a week tells you that a cheesy white substance on
the gums and roof of the mouth has appeared. What is your best suggestion?
A. “Drink at least 3 liters of water each day and avoid all dairy
products while you are on this drug.”
B. “Go immediately to the emergency room because this is a sign of a
serious allergic reaction.”
C. “Stop taking the drug and notify your prescriber because this is a
sign of the beginning of an allergic reaction.”
D. “Brush your teeth at least three times a day and use mouthwash to
help clear this yeast infection.”
When you check on a patient receiving cefazolin (Kefzol) IV 15 minutes after the drug was
started, the patient tells you, “I can’t swallow, my chest hurts, and I feel like something bad is going
to happen, but I don’t know what.” What do you do first?
A. Discontinue the IV.
B. Notify the prescriber.
C. Stop the drug infusion.
D. Check the arms, chest, and back for hives or a rash.
What is the most important action or precaution to teach a patient prescribed to take any
antibacterial drug?
A. Always take the drug with food or milk.
B. Always take the drug for as long as it was prescribed.
C. Never drink caffeine or alcohol while taking an antibacterial drug.
D. Be sure to swallow all antibacterial tablets whole rather than
chewing them.
Which drug can cause a tendon rupture in a patient who also takes a corticosteroid daily?
A. amikacin (Amikan)
B. linezolid (Zyvox)
C. vancomycin (Vancocin)
D. levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Which drugs can cause photosensitivity and increase the risk for severe sunburn? (Select all that
apply.)
A. amoxicillin (Amoxil) B. cephalexin (Keflex) C. erythromycin (E-mycin) D. lomefloxacin (Maxaquin) E. minocycline (Dynacin) F. penicillin V potassium (Pen-VK) G. sulfasoxazole (Gantrisin pediatric) H. vancomycin (Vancocin)
Which result is an expected outcome of antiviral therapy?
A. The patient develops immunity against reinfection with the same
virus.
B. The patient’s natural immunity is “boosted” as a result of drug
therapy.
C. Viruses are killed upon interacting with the drug.
D. Viral replication is suppressed.
For what viral infection is ribavirin most commonly used?
A. Hepatitis B (HVB) 311 B. Herpes simplex type 2 (HSV2) C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) D. Late stage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Which food, drug, or beverage should patients be taught to avoid while taking adefovir dipivoxil
(Hepsera)?
Which food, drug, or beverage should patients be taught to avoid while taking adefovir dipivoxil
(Hepsera)?
What is the most common side effect of drugs from the protease inhibitor class?
A. Increased risk for leukemia
B. Uncontrolled bleeding
C. Injection site pain
D. Liver toxicity
Which antiretroviral drug belongs to the integrase inhibitor class?
A. darunavir (Prezista)
B. delavirdine (Rescriptor)
C. didanosine (Videx)
D. dolutegravir (TIVICAY)
Which antiretroviral drugs are not approved for use in children? Select all that apply.
A. atazanavir (Reyataz) B. efavirenz (Sustiva) C. emtricitabine (Emtriva) 312 D. maraviroc (Selzentry) E. raltegravir (Isentress) F. rilpivirine (EDURANT) G. tenofovir (Viread) H. tipranavir (Aptivus)
Acyclovir (Zovirax) is prescribed for a patient who takes phenytoin (Dilantin) for seizure control.
How should drug therapy for this patient be altered?
A. The phenytoin should be stopped because it inactivates acyclovir.
B. The phenytoin dose should be increased because acyclovir reduces
its effectiveness.
C. The acyclovir dose should be increased because phenytoin
enhances the excretion of acyclovir.
D. The oral dose of acyclovir should
Which health care professional should avoid caring for a patient receiving ribavirin by aerosol
inhalation?
A. A 25-year-old who is HIV positive
B. A 29-year-old who is 2 months pregnant
C. A 50-year-old who has herpes simplex type 2
D. A 62-year-old receiving radiation therapy for breast cancer
Why does rimantadine (Flumadine) have fewer nervous system side effects than amantadine
(Symmetrel)?
A. Amantadine has a half-life that is twice as long as rimantadine.
B. Amantadine is more effective at suppressing viral replication than
rimantadine.
C. Rimantadine is administered orally and amantadine is
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administered intravenously.
D. Rimantadine concentrates more in the respiratory system and less
in the brain than amantadine.
Which precaution is most important to teach a patient prescribed to take zanamivir (Relenza)?
A. Avoid using a spacer.
B. Take the drug with food or milk.
C. Drink a full glass of water with each dose.
D. Report any pain or redness at the injection site to the prescriber.
A patient who is prescribed highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is flying to a wedding
and will be gone 1 day. He asks if he can skip his drugs that day so that he doesn’t have to show
them all at the airport. What is your best response?
A. “Yes, just 1 day off your drugs will not make any difference.”
B. “Yes, as long as you avoid direct contact with anyone who is ill.”
C. “No, even 1 day off the drugs can help the virus become drug
resistant.”
D. “No, even 1 day off the drugs increases the chances that you can
spread the disease.”
Which statement made by a patient prescribed to take lamivudine (Epivir) orally daily indicates
correct understanding of therapy with this drug?
A. “I will avoid fatty foods and fried foods.”
B. “I will report flulike symptoms to the prescriber immediately.”
C. “I will avoid drinking any beverages that contain caffeine.”
D. “I will stop this drug immediately if I become pregnant.”
