ATI MODULE 1 Flashcards
A nurse is reviewing drugs in a drug reference. The nurse should identify that drugs in the same class share which of the following similarities?
They have similar mechanisms of actions.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of renal insufficiency and is taking lithium. The nurse should monitor the client what?
Drug toxicity develops when the amount of a drug that is taken is greater than its rate of excretion, and it results in the drug accumulating in the body. A client who has renal insufficiency might have delayed or impaired excretion of the drug. The drug dosage should be reduced if toxicity occurs.
Client is receiving nitroglycerin IV and is switching to the oral form of the drug. The nurse should identify that the oral dose will be higher that the IV dose for which reason?
The oral form has decreased bioavailability because of the first-pass effect/. Oral doses are often larger than IV doses of the same drug because of the first-pass effect by the liver, which reduces the bioavailability of the drug. Enzymes in the liver metabolize drugs, making less of the drug available for use by the body.
Client who is newly admitted to the facility for chest pain. At which of the following times should the nurse begin teaching about drugs and discharge pain
As soon as possible/. Instruction should start at the beginning of care and when the client is receptive to learning.
Indicators of anaphylactic reactions
Low blood pressure, wheezing and difficulty swallowing
taking over the counter drugs effect a newborn. What should the nurse consider when recommending a drug for the client?
The newborn’s weight,
How much breast milk the newborn consumes each day, Whether or not the benefits to the client outweigh the risks to the newborn, The properties of the drug
Anaphylaxis represents which of the following results of the drug
Adverse effect
Nurse is preparing to administer a drug to a client. What section of a drug handbook should the nurse look to determine if the client can receive the drug?
Contraindications./ The nurse should review the contraindications section in the drug handbook to determine if a client can receive the drug. This section lists pre-existing diseases or clinical situations that could make it unsafe to administer a drug.
Client reports no allergies but had experienced mild itching while taking amoxicillin in the past. Which of the following responses should the nurse male?
Itching can indicate a hypersensitivity to amoxicillin./ Itching can be an indication of drug hypersensitivity, and a more severe allergic reaction can develop with future exposures. The client might be allergic to amoxicillin and other penicillins.
Client takes loratadine (over the counter drug). The nurse should identify what about over the counter drugs?
They do not require the supervision of a nurse, they can interact with other drugs, They should be included in the client’s drug history assessment
Nurse is teaching a client about adverse effects. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
“Contact your provider if adverse effects occur.”/ Adverse effects can be severe and life-threatening. The client should contact their provider if adverse effects occur.
Client is taking diphenhydramine for insomnia and reports drowsiness. The nurse should identify that drowsiness indicates
Therapeutic effect./ Drowsiness is a therapeutic effect of diphenhydramine for a client who is taking the drug to treat insomnia.
Nurse is preparing to teach a client about a newly prescribed drug. Prior to teaching the nurse should review the precautions section of a drug handbook for the following reason
To determine if dosage modification is indicated,/ The precautions section includes diseases or clinical situations in which drug use involves particular risks or dosage modification might be necessary, such as the presence of a client condition or restrictions due to the client’s age.
Nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for a frug with a high potential for toxicity. What information should the nurse include?
Periodic laboratory tests are essential to measure serum drug levels, Monitoring for indications of toxicity is important is,
Taking the smallest effective dose is crucial
Characteristics of addictive drug interactions
Clients can achieve desired effects with the use of lower dosages, Both drugs have similar actions
Absorption
The movement of a drug from the site of administration into the circulatory system
Metabolism
Change of a drug into a more less potent or more soluble from after it passes through the liver, kidneys, intestinal mucosa or other body part
Excretion
Removal of the drug or its metabolites through the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, skin, or lungs
Distribution
Movement of a drug by the circulatory system to its intended site of action
Onset of action
Time it takes a drug to demonstrate a therapeutic response
Peak drug level
Time it takes a drug to demonstrate its dull therapeutic effect
Duration of action
The length of time the drugs therapeutic effect lasts
Through drug level
The pint in time when a drug is at its lowest level in the body
Action of an agonist on a receptor
Activates the receptor
Antagonistic effect
One drug reduces the effect of another drug
Primary care providers prescribe drug dosages for children using what type of info
Body surface area, age, weight and drug properties
Sumatriptan is indicated for what condition
Presence of migraine headache
Occur as a result of the interactions between valproic acid and phenytoin drugs
Phenytoin toxicity
Adverse effect of donepezil
Nausea
Adverse effect of amphetamine sulfate
Tachycardia
How to avoid adverse effect interferon beta.
Premedicate with acetaminophen
Adverse effect of methohexital sodium
Respitory depression
Adverse effect for valproic acid (to treat a seizure disorder)
Drowsiness, headache, rash
Drug used to reverse the effects of fentanyl
Naloxone
Drug interactionsn between selegiline and merperdine can result in
Muscle rigidity
Instructions to avoid adverse effects for carbamazepine
Begin taking the drug at a low dosage
A nurse is caring for a client who is about to begin taking lithium carbonate to treat bipolar disorder. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following findings as indications of lithium toxicity?
Tremors, confusion, nausea and muscle weakness
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a prescription for lithium carbonate about reducing the risk for lithium toxicity. What instructions should the nurse include?
Avoid taking NSAIDs
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking venlafaxine to treat major depressive disorder. The nurse should identify that which of the following drugs can cause serotonin syndrome when taken concurrently with venlafaxine?
Phenelzine
A nurse is caring for a client who has schizoaffective disorder and who has been prescribed chlorpromazine IV. Which of the following client findings should the nurse monitor after administering the medication?
Blood pressure
A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who has a new prescription for a reduced dosage of alprazolam for anxiety. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse the reason for the prescription modification?
Renal function impairment
A nurse should identify that timolol is contraindicated for a client who has which of the following disorders?
Asthma
A nurse is providing teaching to a client about the adverse e!ects of drug therapy. The nurse
should include that orthostatic hypotension is a common adverse reaction of which of the
following drugs?
Imipramine
A nurse is caring for a client who was admitted to the emergency department with a head injury. The nurse notes that the client has an existing prescription for bupropion hydrochloride to treat depression. For which of the following adverse e!ects is the client at increased risk?
Seizure activity
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is about to begin amitriptyline therapy to treat major depressive disorder. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
Change positions slowly from sitting or lying to standing,
Do not stop taking the drug abruptly, Take the drug at bedtime to prevent daytime drowsiness and, Increase fiber and fluid intake
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a prescription of bus-irons to treat anxiety. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
“Take a missed dose as soon as you remember.”
A nurse is assessing a client who has been taking alprazolam for several days. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse drug reaction caused by alprazolam?
Anxiety
When reviewing the indications for various antidepressants, a nurse should identify that bupropion hydrochloride is an appropriate choice for clients who have which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Seasonal affective disorder/ Nicotine addiction and depression
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for betaxolol eye drops. Which of the following adverse e!ects should the nurse include in the teaching?
Bradycardia/ Betaxolol and timolol can cause bradycardia because of the blockade of cardiac beta1 receptors. Clients should check their pulse rate regularly and report any sustained decreases.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for alprazolam. For which of the following adverse e!ects should the nurse monitor? (Select all that apply.)
Respiratory depression/ Sedation/ Anxiety
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for !uoxetine and who reports self- administering St. John’s wort daily for the past 2 weeks. Which of the following “ndings should the nurse report to the provider as an indication of serotonin syndrome?
Hallucinations/ Hallucinations are an expected finding of serotonin syndrome. SSRIs are contraindicated with St. John’s wort because the combination can increase the risk of developing serotonin syndrome.
