Activities of all modules Flashcards
A client asks you about the difference between a generic drug and a trade- or brand- name drug. Which of the following are true regarding generic drugs? (Select all that apply.)
Have the same chemical composition as the brand-name drug/ May have several brand names/ Are usually less expensive than a brand-name drug
Distribution
The movement of a drug by the circulatory system to its intended site of action
Metabolism
The change of a drug into a more or less potent or more soluble form after it passes through the liver, kidneys, intestinal mucosa, or other body part
Excretion
The removal of the drug or its metabolites through the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, skin, or lungs
Absorption
The movement of a drug from the site of administration into the circulatory system
A client with glaucoma asks you about taking oxybutynin, a muscarinic antagonist, to manage an overactive bladder. You explain that glaucoma is a contraindication for taking oxybutynin. Primary care providers should not prescribe contraindicated drugs because of their potential for which of the following?
Serious adverse reactions
Trough drug level
The point in time when a drug is at its lowest level in the body
Duration of action
The length of time the drug’s therapeutic effect lasts.
Onset of action
The time it takes for a drug to demonstrate a therapeutic response
Peak drug level
The time it takes a drug to demonstrate its full therapeutic effect
You note that a primary care provider prescribed morphine sulfate, an opioid agonist, to relieve a client’s postoperative pain. Which of the following actions describes the action of an agonist on a receptor?
Activates the receptor
A client who has a peanut allergy comes to the emergency department with suspected anaphylactic shock. Which of the following actions should you anticipate taking? (Select all that apply.)
Initiate oxygen therapy to support respiratory function./ Administer epinephrine to increase blood pressure./ Give diphenhydramine to stop histamine release./ Establish and maintain an open airway to ensure oxygenation.
You are talking with a client about taking tetracycline along with an antacid. You tell the client not to take these two drugs at the same time because the antacid can reduce the absorption of tetracycline. When one drug reduces the effect of another drug, it is
an antagonistic effect.
Primary care providers prescribe drug dosages for children using which of the following information? (Select all that apply.)
Body surface area/ Age/ Weight/ Drug properties
An older client may be at risk for drug toxicity due to which of the following physiologic changes associated with aging?
Reduced hepatic blood flow
You are helping a client learn how to give himself an insulin injection. Which of the following is the best method for evaluating effective learning?
Have the client demonstrate an insulin injection.
Which of the following assessments of this client is most important immediately following the administration of intravenous diazepam?
Respiratory rate
The health care professional is about to administer a loading dose of phenytoin IV. Which of the following is essential for the health care professional to do before administering phenytoin IV?
Infuse phenytoin slowly.
The health care professional is now assessing the client. Which of the following findings can be an early indication of phenytoin toxicity?
Nystagmus
The health care professional is talking with the client, who is soon to be discharged to home, about the adverse effects of phenytoin. Which of the following instructions may help minimize the adverse effects of phenytoin?
Use good oral hygiene.
Which laboratory tests should you monitor for a client who is taking interferon beta- 1b to treat multiple sclerosis? (Select all that apply.)
Thyroid hormones/ Liver function/ CBC
While obtaining a client’s medical history, you find that the client is taking levodopa/carbidopa for Parkinson’s disease. Which information in the client’s health history alerts you to take further action?
Glaucoma
At a visit to the provider’s office, an older adult client’s partner reports that the client has nausea, diarrhea, and a loss of appetite. He has a history of Alzheimer’s disease and is taking donepezil. Which information should be provided by the nurse?
Take the drug with food.
You are instructing a client who has multiple sclerosis about how dantrolene will help control spasticity. With which mechanism is this drug effective in treating this manifestation?
Alters intracellular calcium exchange at the muscles
You are caring for a client who is preoperative and is NPO. The client takes carbamazepine, 200 mg PO BID for a seizure disorder. Which action should the nurse take?
Give the oral dose of carbamazepine with a sip of water.
You are instructing a school-age child and his parent about the use of amphetamine- dextroamphetamine to manage the child’s attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse instruct the parent to report? (Select all that apply.)
Weight loss/ Insomnia/ Hallucinations
Dopamine receptor agonist
Reduces the effects of Parkinson’s disease
Cholinesterase inhibitor
Helps minimize symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease
Immunomodulator
Reduces symptoms of multiple sclerosis
Hydantoin
Controls seizures
A primary care provider prescribes sumatriptan to treat a client’s migraine headaches. Which instructions should the nurse include when telling the client how to take sumatriptan? (Select all that apply.)
Take the drug after onset of the migraine./ Repeat the dose once if the headache returns.
A client receives spinal anesthesia with lidocaine and epinephrine. You explain that epinephrine is used with lidocaine for which of the following reasons?
Prolongs the anesthetic effects
Fentanyl
Anesthesia or cancer pain management
Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine sulfate
Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder
Baclofen
Muscle spams
Dantrolene
Malignant hyperthermia
A client is to start taking amitriptyline. For which of the following should you instruct the client to watch for and report? (Select all that apply.)
Blurred vision/ Urinary hesitancy/Tachycardia
Early clinical manifestations of lithium toxicity include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Nausea/ Muscle weakness
During an assessment of a client taking chlorpromazine, you note a slow shuffling gait, rigid facial expression, and fine tremors. These manifestations indicate which of the following?
Parkinsonism
Which of the following drugs blocks beta- adrenergic receptors and thereby decreases intraocular pressure (IOP) by reducing the amount of aqueous humor produced?
Betaxolol
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Depression
Cholinergic agonists
Glaucoma
Antipsychotics
Schizophrenia
Benzodiazepines
Anxiety disorders
You are instructing a client about taking phenelzine to treat depression. Which of the following foods should you tell the client to avoid?
Aged cheese
